CONCLUSIONS: Raising awareness of disparities in FCR participation and streamlining interpreter scheduling logistics was associated with improvement in FCR participation for LOE-preferring caregivers without adversely affecting English-preferring caregiver participation, rounds duration, or nurse participation.

Information about a child's country of birth (also called nativity) is highly relevant to pediatric care, as it informs the recommendations pediatricians will make regarding screening for serious conditions such as elevated blood lead levels, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis. However, pediatricians may be uncertain how to respectfully inquire about a child's birth country. These uncertainties have been amplified in the current US political climate in which many immigrant families have...

CONCLUSIONS: ESI performance in PECARN Registry pediatric EDs was low, with accuracy varying by age, language, race, and ethnicity. Evidence-based guidelines and decision support tools may improve triage accuracy and reduce inequities.

CONCLUSIONS: Veterinary personnel carried MRSA at a notable frequency, while workplace effects on the microbiome and resistome were subtle, with limited evidence for large-scale shifts in community structure by site or patient exposure.

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Patient-derived intestinal enteroids are valuable models for studying gastrointestinal physiology and disease, but their dependence on Matrigel^(™) limits reproducibility and clinical translation. Here, we developed a fully synthetic poly(ethylene glycol)-4-maleimide (PEG-4MAL) hydrogel platform to support human intestinal enteroid culture. Guided by enteroid transcriptomics revealing high expression of α2β1 integrin and matrix metalloproteinases, we systematically evaluated collagen-mimetic...

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CONCLUSION: In our cohort oscillometry revealed significant differences between the BOS and non- BOS cohort. Resistance at R5 Hz and the difference between R5-R19 Hz, which characterizes peripheral lung resistance, were both abnormally increased when compared with non- BOS subjects. In addition, reactance parameters, X5 and AX, which correlate with lung stiffness demonstrated significant differences between the BOS and non- BOS cohorts. Our data reveal a strong correlation between oscillometric...

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CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort establishes relative frequencies of several important markers. Additionally, older age, the presence of an ATRX alteration, and cystic features on MRI were found to be prognostic. Our work may aid in optimizing treatment regimens for patients with this tumor type.

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CONCLUSION: Most of the effects attributed to antipsychotics may be observed within the first four weeks of treatment. Children and adolescents who do not show some improvement during the first two weeks of treatment may be more likely to be non-responders and non-remitters at the endpoint.

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CONCLUSIONS: Unconditional cash transfers may be a positive, trust-building, and preventive intervention for families referred to CPS for poverty-related needs.

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CONCLUSIONS: Infants with congenital anomalies experience relatively high rates of delivery room resuscitation, including advanced airway interventions. Need and intensity of resuscitation vary based on underlying anomaly. These results may inform delivery room preparation and planning for infants with prenatally diagnosed congenital anomalies.

CONCLUSION: This study prospectively validates pretreatment ctDNA burden as prognostic in EWS. Risk groups that integrate ctDNA burden with clinical-molecular features differentiate patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease.

CONCLUSION: In this large prospective cohort from Botswana, admission hypothermia was highly prevalent but was not independently associated with early postnatal growth outcomes. Gestational age was the strongest predictor of early postnatal growth trajectories, highlighting the disproportionate vulnerability of premature infants and the importance of optimizing nutritional and supportive care strategies during early hospitalization.

BACKGROUND: Epiphyseal physeal stress injuries (PSIs) and osteochondroses of the foot and ankle in pediatric athletes can result in prolonged absence from activities, surgical intervention or growth arrest, and/or alignment deformities.

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CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: This case highlights the challenges of evaluating and managing ocular hypertension with glaucomatous concern in a medically complex child, as early recognition and individualized intervention can effectively manage glaucoma in the context of complex systemic comorbidities.

ObjectiveEar reconstruction principles center on restoring a natural-appearing ear that does not draw visual attention. However, limited objective evidence exists defining which auricular differences are most perceptible. This study evaluated layperson perception of ear asymmetries to identify characteristics that influence visual attention.DesignExperimental survey study using digitally manipulated standardized facial photographs.SettingOnline crowdsourcing platform.ParticipantsSix standardized...

Pleiotropic and monotonic effects of gene dosage are central to understanding comorbidities in developmental pediatric and psychiatric disorders, yet the underlying biological processes are not well characterized. Here we develop a functional burden analysis to investigate the association of all protein-coding copy-number variants, genome-wide, with 43 complex traits in approximately 500,000 UK Biobank participants. We test variant associations disrupting 172 tissue or cell-type gene sets,...

CONCLUSIONS: Isolated lumbar fusion for pediatric idiopathic scoliosis is associated with increasing thoracic kyphosis. Additionally, the lumbar spine became more lordotic after surgery. These effects became pronounced in patients with low sagittal plane pre-operative curvature. Anticipating these adaptations will help guide surgical planning to optimize the sagittal plane.