Background: Current food consumption patterns are driving the steep increase of obesity and non-communicable diseases, and exacerbate environmental degradation. Recent research is increasingly exploring the potential of digital media to encourage positive changes in eating habits. Despite this growing interest, there is considerable uncertainty about the effectiveness of digital interventions in improving dietary behavior, and a comprehensive review comparing intervention approaches is lacking. Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of digital interventions in improving healthy and sustainable food consumption and explore differences in effects due to intervention characteristics, particularly the digital medium and behavior change techniques employed. Methods: A systematic search strategy was conducted across Web of Science, Embase and Scopus, supplemented by forward and backward reference searching. Eligibility screening led to the inclusion of 46 articles encompassing 62 interventions. Each intervention was coded for behavior change techniques using the Behavior Change Taxonomy v1. A meta-analysis with robust variance estimation was performed, and we conducted moderator analyses to evaluate the intervention characteristics associated with change in eating behavior. Results: A meta-analysis with robust variance estimation revealed a small positive effect of digital interventions on food consumption outcomes (d=0.33, P