The double-slit Laue symmetrical case dynamical diffraction of X-rays in a crystal influenced by a constant temperature gradient is investigated. The dynamical diffraction double-slit interference fringes are formed; for the period of the fringes an expression is obtained, which depends on the modulus of the temperature gradient and is polarization sensitive.

Resolution enhancement on a single-shot X-ray spectrometer with a detuned non-dispersive multi-crystal analyzer is proposed and demonstrated, indicating the promising potential for capturing the full spectral information, including the fine-spike structure in self-amplified spontaneous emission X-ray free-electron laser radiation.

An alternative method to the Takagi–Taupin equations is developed. It uses an accurate dispersion relation and is capable of calculating both dynamical and kinematic diffraction.

Takagi–Taupin dynamical X-ray diffraction simulations of cylindrically bent Laue crystals show that, in specific diffraction geometries, the focusing behaviour of such crystals is significantly influenced by dynamical effects, causing the foci of different energies to deviate from the predictions of the `magic condition' derived from geometric optics theory.

The 3D X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique is a new method for characterization of the 3D atomic profiles of planar periodic nanostructures, like nanometre-sized gratings or pillar arrays. The laboratory 3D XSW analysis of TiN gratings with nanometre-sized pitches is demonstrated here.