#AMPD1
anyways I ordered whole genome sequencing and interpreted it myself using what I remember of my genetics degree and based on those results started dosing myself with ribose like someone with AMPD1 deficiency and that fixed the problem soooo
June 8, 2025 at 8:37 PM
(I don’t have the classic AMPD1 deficiency gene but I do have two variants “of uncertain significance” that have never been described together in the literature and all my symptoms fit a mild case so ¯\_(ツ)_/¯)
June 8, 2025 at 8:40 PM
Muscle AMP deaminase activity was lower in Neandertals than in modern humans 🏺🧪
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

While being conserved among vertebrates, AMPD1 seems to have become less functionally important among Neanderthals and modern humans.
September 19, 2025 at 3:31 PM
If those with neanderthal DNA couldn't vote that would never have happened 🧬
September 4, 2025 at 3:13 PM
"The enzyme AMPD1 plays a key role in muscle energy production and normal muscular function.

Loss of its activity... is the most common cause of metabolic myopathy in Europeans...

...all Neanderthals carried a specific AMPD1 variant absent in other species."

www.sci.news/genetics/nea...
Study: Genetic Variant Inherited from Neanderthals Reduces Activity of Key Muscle Enzyme | Sci.News
The Neanderthal variant in AMPD1 decreases its enzymatic activity by 25% in lab-produced proteins and by up to 80% in the muscles of genetically engineered mice.
www.sci.news
August 13, 2025 at 5:29 PM
A Neanderthal gene still found in some Europeans weakens a key muscle enzyme, reducing athletic performance. New research shows our ancestors may have tolerated more fragility than we once thought. #NeanderthalDNA #HumanEvolution #AMPD1 #AncientDNA #aDNA #Physiology #Anthropology
The Weakening Muscle: A Neanderthal Legacy Hidden in Our Genes
Ancient DNA Sheds Light on an Unlikely Evolutionary Shift
www.anthropology.net
July 14, 2025 at 2:18 PM
"An analysis of more than 1,000 elite athletes across various sports revealed that individuals who carry a non-functional AMPD1 are less likely to become top-level athletes"
phys.org/news/2025-07...
Neanderthal gene variant lowers muscle enzyme activity in modern humans
The enzyme AMPD1 plays a key role in muscle energy production and normal muscular function. Loss of AMPD1 activity due to genetic mutations is the most common cause of metabolic myopathy in Europeans,...
phys.org
July 14, 2025 at 11:05 PM
'An analysis of over a thousand elite athletes across various sports revealed that individuals who carry a non-functional AMPD1 are less likely to become top-level athletes.

“Carrying a broken AMPD1 enzyme, the likelihood of reaching athletic performance is reduced by half”, Dr. Macak said.'
August 13, 2025 at 5:30 PM
'The Neanderthal AMPD1 variant is carried by 2-8% of Europeans today...

“However, the enzyme appears to play an important role in athletic performance.”'
August 13, 2025 at 5:30 PM
some AMPD1 patients also benefit from creatine, ribose-rich foods like red meat and beans, magnesium supplementation, and an iodine-rich diet. And they should be careful to avoid carb-rich meals during or after exertion.
May 12, 2025 at 4:02 PM
I’m actually REALLY curious how many MECFS patients have AMPD1 deficiency. Genetically it’s pretty common (up to 1 in 50 depending on ethnicity) but it seems to require other factors to become symptomatic!
May 12, 2025 at 3:47 PM
I have an uncommon condition called AMPD1 (adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1). This sounds horrendously familiar to me. In my case, the citric acid cycle breaks down pretty quickly, so my body falls back to the lactic acid cycle.

If this is a similar issue, hoo boy
Even before long COVID, many patients w/chronic fatigue syndrome were prescribed exercise as treatment, despite telling their physicians that it actually made them worse. Now we're starting to learn why exercise can be so debilitating at a molecular & cellular level. www.npr.org/sections/hea...
January 9, 2024 at 7:36 PM
I looked into it a bit and while I’d love to see a study on the prevalence of AMPD1 deficiency, the main management for it is pacing and ribose dosed at 0.2 mg/kg, taken in divided doses hourly while awake
May 12, 2025 at 4:01 PM
This is fascinating. Do you think it would be meaningful for a patient to know if they have an AMPD1 deficiency or similar?

And if so, could we even get access to this kind of testing?
Because of multiple hereditary autoimmune symptoms + PEM, I'd love to see what our family's genes look like.
May 12, 2025 at 3:59 PM
A study by Dominik Macak, Hugo Zeberg @mpi-eva-leipzig.bsky.social, and colleagues identifies a gene variant coming from #Neandertals that reduces AMPD1 enzyme activity in muscle. While #health effects are moderate, the enzyme is crucial for human #athletic #performance. www.mpg.de/25039233/070...
Neandertal variant reduces activity of a key muscle enzyme
New study shows that a genetic variant inherited from Neandertals impairs the function of a key enzyme involved in muscle performance
www.mpg.de
July 14, 2025 at 10:17 AM
Eine Studie von Dominik Macak, Hugo Zeberg @mpi-eva-leipzig.bsky.social und Kollegen zeigt, dass eine von #Neandertalern stammende #Genvariante die Aktivität des Enzyms AMPD1 im Muskel reduziert. Das Enzym ist entscheidend für #sportliche #Leistungsfähigkeit. More: www.mpg.de/25040556/070...
Neandertaler-Variante verringert Aktivität eines wichtigen Muskelenzyms
Eine neue Studie zeigt, dass eine von Neandertalern vererbte Genvariante die Funktion eines Schlüsselenzyms für die Muskelleistung beeinträchtigt
www.mpg.de
July 14, 2025 at 10:15 AM
A Neanderthal‑derived AMPD1 variant, common in Europe and Western Asia, cuts enzyme activity ~25% and halves elite‑athlete odds, researchers report. Read more: https://getnews.me/neanderthal-derived-gene-variant-may-reduce-elite-athletic-performance/ #neanderthal #ampd1
September 2, 2025 at 2:12 PM
O gene neandertal que pode estar atrapalhando seu rendimento nos esportes
A partir de uma comparação entre genes de neandertais e de humanos modernos, cientistas descobriram que esses ancestrais humanos tinham uma variante genética no gene AMPD1 — que é responsável por codificar uma enzima que produz energia muscular. Essa variação leva a perda da atividade enzimática, prejudicando o desempenho dos músculos (e dificultando a alta performance em esportes). Um estudo publicado na revista científica Nature Communications, revelou que pessoas com a alteração no gene AMPD1 tinham 50% menos chances de se tornarem atletas em comparação a pessoas sem essa enzima. Há aproximadamente 50 mil anos, neandertais viviam na Europa e na Ásia Ocidental. Devido aos cruzamentos entre neandertais e Homo sapiens que ocorreram na época, os humanos modernos herdaram a variação genética dos neandertais. Segundo os pesquisadores, isso fez pessoas de ascendência asiática ou europeia carregarem aproximadamente 1% a 2% de DNA herdado de neandertais. A miopatia metabólica, por exemplo, é frequente em cerca de 9% a 14% nos europeus. Essa condição rara afeta o metabolismo muscular, ou seja, a forma como as células musculares produzem energia. De acordo com o novo estudo, essa maior ocorrência acontece devido a mutações genéticas que causam a perda da atividade enzimática da AMPD1. Atualmente, cerca de 2% a 8% dos europeus carregam a variante AMPD1. “Surpreendentemente, a maioria dos indivíduos portadores da variante não apresenta problemas de saúde significativos. No entanto, a enzima parece desempenhar um papel importante no desempenho atlético”, disse o primeiro autor do estudo, Dominik Macak, em comunicado. A pesquisa analisou atletas de diversos esportes, e identificou que portadores da AMPD1 com atividade reduzida tinham uma menor probabilidade de se tornar atletas de alto nível. “Carregando uma enzima AMPD1 quebrada, a probabilidade de atingir o desempenho atlético é reduzida pela metade”, acrescenta Macak. Para obter respostas mais precisas, cientistas recriaram a AMPD1 com a mutação dos neandertais em laboratório. A enzima artificial apresentou uma redução de 25% em sua atividade, em comparação à enzima humana normal. Posteriormente, ao ser introduzida em camundongos geneticamente modificados, a atividade enzimática caiu para 80% no tecido muscular. Ou seja: ter a mutação realmente impacta a eficiência dos músculos. O que acontece com o músculo? Para obter energia e manter os músculos funcionando durante a prática do exercício físico, as células quebram a molécula de trifosfato de adenosina (ATP). Para produzir ATP, o corpo transforma duas moléculas de adenosina difosfato (ADP) em ATP e em monofosfato de adenosina (AMP). Em resumo, 2 ADP → 1 ATP + 1 AMP. Dessa forma, o corpo consegue criar ATP mais rapidamente e ainda produz AMP como um subproduto. O ATP é usado para gerar energia nas células, no entanto, o excesso de AMP pode prejudicar essa produção energética. Com isso, a enzima AMPD1 se torna responsável em quebrar o AMP, removendo o excesso de subproduto. A variante neandertal, com a atividade reduzida da AMPD1, contribui para o acúmulo do AMP, prejudicando a produção necessária e rápida de ATP. Consequentemente, ocorre o menor desempenho muscular. Vale mencionar aqui que as pessoas com a variação genética de neandertais conseguem praticar exercícios físicos normalmente, no entanto, podem sentir uma maior dificuldade em executar atividades mais intensas, que exigem mais força muscular. Nos próprios neandertais, a variante não trouxe grandes impactos negativos. "Nós a encontramos tanto em indivíduos neandertais primitivos quanto tardios, sugerindo que ela esteve presente de forma estável ao longo de milhares de anos. Além disso, alguns humanos modernos hoje carregam mutações que interrompem completamente a proteína AMPD1, muitas vezes sem grandes problemas de saúde. Portanto, embora o gene afete o metabolismo muscular, provavelmente não foi um fator decisivo em sua capacidade de sobrevivência”, explicou Macak para o LiveScience.
revistagalileu.globo.com
July 22, 2025 at 2:01 PM
Those who carry the Neanderthal variant of the muscle enzyme AMPD1 have half the chance of becoming a top athlete.

#Gene #Genetics #Evolution #Sport

www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Muscle AMP deaminase activity was lower in Neandertals than in modern humans - Nature Communications
Neandertal genomes carry a variant of AMPD1 with a lysine-to-isoleucine substitution at position 287. Here, the authors show that this variant has reduced activity in muscle, which could have effects ...
www.nature.com
July 18, 2025 at 11:23 AM
Study: Genetic Variant Inherited from Neanderthals Reduces Activity of Key Muscle Enzyme | Sci.News

The Neanderthal variant in AMPD1 decreases its enzymatic activity by 25% in lab-produced proteins and by up to 80% in the muscles of genetically engineered mice; the variant is found in all…
Study: Genetic Variant Inherited from Neanderthals Reduces Activity of Key Muscle Enzyme | Sci.News
The Neanderthal variant in AMPD1 decreases its enzymatic activity by 25% in lab-produced proteins and by up to 80% in the muscles of genetically engineered mice; the variant is found in all sequenced Neanderthals, but is absent in all other species. It entered the modern human gene pool through interbreeding around 50,000 years ago. As a result, up to 8% of present-day Europeans carry it. The enzyme AMPD1 plays a key role in muscle energy production and normal muscular function. Loss of its activity due to genetic mutations is the most common cause of metabolic myopathy in Europeans, occurring at a frequency of 9-14%.
n24usa.com
August 12, 2025 at 10:09 PM