Compound events (CEs), defined as the co-occurrence of multiple climate extremes, often amplify societal and environmental impacts beyond those of individual extremes. While carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is increasingly considered essential for achieving global climate targets, the response of CEs to CDR pathways remains poorly understood. We investigate changes in three types of CEs—consecutive day and night heatwave event (CDNHE), compound drought and heatwave event (CDHE), and compound precipitation and wind event (CPWE)—under a CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down experiment using CESM1 with 28 ensemble members. Although atmospheric CO2 returns to its initial concentration, the global mean of temperature, precipitation, and wind speed (WS), as well as the frequencies of all three CEs, have not returned to their initial levels by 2300, indicating incomplete recovery. Over the final 30 years of the ramp-down period, a recovery deficit of approximately 15%–25% remains. CDNHE increases across low-latitude regions and the Southern Hemisphere in association with persistent SST warming, enhanced surface heating and increased atmospheric moisture, while decreases over Greenland and northern and western Europe coincide with cooling associated with the delayed recovery of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. CDHE increases in tropical and mid-latitude dry regions through land–atmosphere feedbacks involving soil moisture depletion, increased vapor pressure deficit, and enhanced sensible heat flux. CPWE exhibits a more spatially heterogeneous and temporally delayed response, with its spatial changes more closely associated with precipitation than with WS. Regional increases in CEs can exceed those of both individual components by 20–35 percentage points, revealing changes that may be overlooked when individual extremes are considered separately. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for compound climate hazards and their delayed recovery when evaluating CO2 removal pathways.