This repository contains the results of a research project which provides a benchmark dataset for extracting greenhouse gas emissions from corporate annual and sustainability reports.  The zipped datasets file contains two datasets, gold_standard and annotation_dataset(password is provided in the zip file). Data collection A Large Language Model (LLM) based pipeline was used to extract the greenhouse gas emissions from the reports (see columns prefixed with llm_ in annotation_dataset). The extracted emissions follow the categories Scope 1, 2 (market-based) and 2 (location-based) and 3, as defined in the GHGP protocol (see variables scope). Annotation of the pipeline output was done in 3 phases: first by non-experts (see columns prefixed with non_expert_ in annotation_dataset), then by expert groups (columns prefixed with exp_group_ in annotation_dataset) in case of disagreement of non-experts and finally in a discussion of all experts (columns prefixed with exp__disc in annotation_dataset) in case of disagreement between expert groups. The annotation guidelines for the non-experts and experts are also included in this repository. The annotation results from all three phases are combined to form the final benchmark dataset: gold_standard. Codebooks detailing each variable of each of the two datasets are also provided. More details about the annotation template or the data wrangling scripts can be found in the GitHub repository.  Merging of datasets Users can match the two datasets (gold_standard and annotation_dataset) using the variable combination of company_name, report_year and merge_id (index column). The merge_id already includes the company name and report year implicitly, but to avoid column duplication in the join operation, it should be included as join variables. For example this is useful when comparing LLM extractions to gold standard data.

株式会社カーボントレードがCORSIA Phase-1のGold Standardクレジットを取得。航空会社に向け、安定供給体制を構築し、環境保全への取り組みを強化中です。

Metro Supply Chain has been awarded the prestigious Gold Standard recognition as one of Canada's Best Managed Companies for 2026, highlighting its industry leadership and sustained growth.

Carbon Trade has successfully acquired 10,000 t-CO₂ Gold Standard credits for CORSIA Phase-1, ensuring a stable supply for airlines and promoting sustainability.

For the sixth consecutive year, Blue Shield of California has been recognized among the Best Managed Companies in the U.S., earning the Gold Standard for its outstanding performance.

Advanced Technology Services, Inc. has been recognized as a 2025 US Best Managed Gold Standard Company, marking five consecutive years of excellence in management and culture.

Averna has attained the prestigious Canada's Best Managed Companies award for the second consecutive year, marking significant achievements in business excellence.

Homecare Homebase has recognized Tomas Berry from Embrace Hospice with the May Gold Standard Award, highlighting his dedication to exceptional patient care in hospice services.

株式会社カーボントレードがCORSIA Phase-1適格のGold Standardクレジットを取得。航空会社向けの安定供給体制を強化し、環境対策に貢献します。