#GtCO2
1) Fossil fuel
Still no peak. Emissions are projected to increase by 1.1% in 2025, reaching 38.1 GtCO2. An all time high.
November 13, 2025 at 3:07 PM
Those bad boys emit around 0.3 GtCO2/yr on average. We emit 40 GtCO2/yr today. So... not much? www.climate.gov/news-feature...
Which emits more carbon dioxide: volcanoes or human activities?
Human activities emit 60 or more times the amount of carbon dioxide released by volcanoes each year.
www.climate.gov
January 3, 2026 at 1:45 AM
The remaining carbon budget to limit global warming to 1.5°C , 1.7°C and 2°C is 235 GtCO2, 585 GtCO2, and 1110 GtCO2 respectively, equivalent to 6, 14 and 27 years from 2025. 2650 GtCO2 have been emitted since 1850.
November 13, 2024 at 7:03 AM
Annual emissions from permanent deforestation declined over 2015–2024 but remain high at around 3.9 GtCO2. Removals through permanent af/reforestation are 2.2 GtCO2 per year over the same period.
Net is still a source...
November 13, 2025 at 3:07 PM
This sounds obscure, but it's incredibly important to note that the reason demand-side solutions like reducing food waste or diet shifts have such high GHG mitigation potential is that they can **reduce agricultural land demand by massive amounts, avoiding large-scale deforestation** (IPCC 2022). 🧪
July 12, 2024 at 3:27 AM
Land ecosystems and the ocean are responsible for absorbing the other 50% of anthropogenic emissions. Land sink account for about 21% (8.7 GtCO2/yr, average over last decade). Ocean sink accounts for 29% (8.7 GtCO2/yr).
November 13, 2025 at 3:07 PM
The remaining carbon budget for 1.7°C or 2°C is 525 GtCO2 and 1055 GtCO2 respectively, equivalent to 12 and 25 years of current CO₂ emissions.
November 13, 2025 at 6:37 PM
Tout continue à augmenter, sauf la marge de manoeuvre pour limiter le réchauffement à 1,5°C (50% de probabilité), le budget carbone restant, qui s'épuise rapidement (130 GtCO2 équivalent à 3 ans d'émissions au niveau actuel).

10/...
June 11, 2026 at 7:54 AM
If every single ton of this 1,460 GtCO2 would be used to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, we could reverse 0.7°C of global warming.

And this estimate is a clear ceiling, because... /4
September 3, 2025 at 3:39 PM
Global land use emissions are around 5 GtCO2 per year, on average over the last 10 years.
November 13, 2025 at 3:07 PM
Time is up for 1.5°C. The remaining carbon budget for 1.5°C is virtually exhausted: 170 GtCO2, equivalent to 4 years at the 2025 emissions levels.
November 13, 2025 at 6:37 PM
This comes with important consequences for long-term climate change mitigation scenario planning.

Geological CO2 storages moves from a virtually unlimited potential to a rather scarce resource, with a central estimate of 1,460 GtCO2, globally. /2
September 3, 2025 at 3:39 PM
Here is the issue that has caused so many headaches among climate mitigation researchers - inventory estimates of net land use change emissions differ substantially from global bookkeeping models.

lambwf.github.io/UNEP-Gap-Rep...
February 14, 2025 at 11:08 AM
Big paper on global CO2 emissions. Some context - If the remaining carbon budget to 1.5C is 130 GtCO2 & global emissions are 37.8 GT/y, we are ~4 yrs away from reaching that level. The longer we wait to #StopBuringFossilFuels, the worse the damage. #KeepItInTheGround 🧪🔌💡☀️💨🔋
Our new paper updating key metrics in the IPCC is now out, and the news is grim:

⬆️ Human induced warming now at 1.36C
⬆️ Rate of warming now 0.27C / decade
⬆️ Sharp increase in Earth's energy imbalance
⬇️ Remaining 1.5C carbon budget only 130 GtCO2

essd.copernicus.org/...
Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence
Abstract. In a rapidly changing climate, evidence-based decision-making benefits from up-to-date and timely information. Here we compile monitoring datasets (published at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15639576; Smith et al., 2025a) to produce updated estimates for key indicators of the state of the climate system: net emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers, greenhouse gas concentrations, radiative forcing, the Earth's energy imbalance, surface temperature changes, warming attributed to human activities, the remaining carbon budget, and estimates of global temperature extremes. This year, we additionally include indicators for sea-level rise and land precipitation change. We follow methods as closely as possible to those used in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One report. The indicators show that human activities are increasing the Earth's energy imbalance and driving faster sea-level rise compared to the AR6 assessment. For the 2015–2024 decade average, observed warming relative to 1850–1900 was 1.24 [1.11 to 1.35] °C, of which 1.22 [1.0 to 1.5] °C was human-induced. The 2024-observed best estimate of global surface temperature (1.52 °C) is well above the best estimate of human-caused warming (1.36 °C). However, the 2024 observed warming can still be regarded as a typical year, considering the human-induced warming level and the state of internal variability associated with the phase of El Niño and Atlantic variability. Human-induced warming has been increasing at a rate that is unprecedented in the instrumental record, reaching 0.27 [0.2–0.4] °C per decade over 2015–2024. This high rate of warming is caused by a combination of greenhouse gas emissions being at an all-time high of 53.6±5.2 Gt CO2e yr−1 over the last decade (2014–2023), as well as reductions in the strength of aerosol cooling. Despite this, there is evidence that the rate of increase in CO2 emissions over the last decade has slowed compared to the 2000s, and depending on societal choices, a continued series of these annual updates over the critical 2020s decade could track decreases or increases in the rate of the climatic changes presented here.
essd.copernicus.org
June 19, 2025 at 12:20 AM
It turns out that additional warming as the oceans come closer to thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere largely counterbalances cooling from falling CO2 concentrations, though there is some variation across different models (simulating 3664 GtCO2 here!). bg.copernicus.org/ar...
September 4, 2025 at 10:48 PM
The ocean carbon sink, estimated by Global Ocean Biogeochemical Models and observation-based data products, amounts to 10.5 ± 1.5 GtCO2/yr for 2014–2023 and 10.6 ± 1.5 GtCO2/yr in 2023.
The ocean sink increased in 2023, in line with the expected sink response to the 2023 El Niño conditions.
November 13, 2024 at 7:03 AM
The natural world is a key ally in combating climate change. Studies estimate that reforestation – restoring areas where forests have been removed or fragmented – could remove upwards of 300 gigatons of CO2 (GtCO2) from the atmosphere.
March 19, 2024 at 4:13 PM
OPEC’s market power reduced emissions by over 67 GtCO2, equating to $4,073 billion in climate damages and 17.8% of the carbon budget needed for the 1.5°C Paris Agreement target.

nber.org/papers/w33115
November 4, 2024 at 1:11 PM
If you want the world to stop warming there are some residual emissions that need to be compensated for. ~2 GtCO2-eq from N2O in agriculture for starters, plus at least a few GtCO2 in other sectors. But numbers like 15 or 20 GtCO2 CDR by 2100 are crazy.
September 1, 2026 at 3:29 PM
3/ In-situ mineralisation: Annual sequestration potential between 0.7-3.9 GtCO2/yr, total of 21.6 GtCO2/yr. Total sequestration potential between 102-543 GtCO2, global ca. 3050 GtCO2.
October 23, 2024 at 9:07 AM
CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and cement will rise around 0.8% in 2024, reaching a record 37.4bn tons of CO2 (GtCO2), according to the 2024 Global Carbon Budget report. This is 0.4GtCO2 higher than the previous record, set in 2023: globalcarbonbudget.org/
November 13, 2024 at 12:40 AM
1,460 GtCO2 (thousand four hundred sixty billion tonnes of CO2!) of practically available geological CO2 storage seems a lot, but lets translate this to its potential for reversing global warming to get a sense of magnitude. /3
September 3, 2025 at 3:39 PM
Global CO2 emissions from land-use change remain high 4.2 GtCO2 in 2024, but they have decreased every decade since the 1990s, and in particular in the past decade (-20%).
November 13, 2024 at 7:03 AM
The land carbon sink, estimated by Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, was 11.7 ± 3.2 GtCO2/yr during 2014–2023. The effects of El Niño that developed in late 2023 and early 2024 reduced the land CO2 sink to 8.4 GtCO2 in 2023, 28% below its decadal mean.
November 13, 2024 at 7:03 AM