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A new review suggests RSV and HMPV can infect lung mesenchymal stem cells, potentially impairing tissue repair and immunomodulation in ways that may contribute to non-atopic asthma and COPD.

AbstractTo describe seasonal patterns of respiratory viruses in infants presenting to primary care (PC) after the rollout of the RSV-immunisation programme in Spain, we analysed multiplex RT-PCR results from infants <1 year with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) attending 57 PC centres in Valencia and Murcia across two seasons. Among the 307 infants, rhinovirus/enterovirus and RSV were the most common detections in both periods. hMPV, bocavirus, and influenza followed. Our findings highlight the importance of community-based surveillance systems for providing real-world evidence to inform future immunisation strategies.

Older adults (≥60 years) are susceptible to severe outcomes from infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or human metapneumovirus (hMPV). IVX-A12 is an investigational vaccine that uses virus-like particles (VLPs) to elicit an immune response against RSV and hMPV.MethodsThis Phase 2 trial (NCT06481579) randomized (1:1) adults ≥60 years of age to receive a single dose of IVX-A12 (150 µg RSV/150 µg hMPV) or the licensed RSV vaccine RSVPreF3 120 µg with AS01E adjuvant. Safety and immunogenicity were evaluated through 180 days post-vaccination.ResultsOverall, 143 participants received IVX-A12 (n = 71) or RSVPreF3 (n = 72). Solicited adverse reactions were reported through 7 days post-vaccination (IVX-A12, 25 [35.2%]; RSVPreF3, 36 [50.0%]). Unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected through Day 29 (IVX-A12, 5 [7.0%]; RSVPreF3, 11 [15.3%]). Serious AEs (IVX-A12, 2 [2.8%]; RSVPreF3, 1 [1.4%]) and medically attended AEs (IVX-A12, 1 [1.4%]; RSVPreF3, 9 [12.5%]) were documented through Day 181. There were no AEs of special interest and AEs leading to study discontinuation. At Day 29, IVX-A12 and RSVPreF3 administration increased RSV A neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels with geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) of 3.4 and 6.5, and RSV B nAb levels with GMFR of 2.9 and 5.4, respectively. IVX-A12, but not RSVPreF3, also increased hMPV A (GMFR 3.0) and hMPV B (GMFR 2.9) nAb levels.ConclusionsIVX-A12 and RSVPreF3 were well tolerated and elicited nAb responses against their targeted pathogens. Given the neutralizing antibody response following IVX-A12, further investigation of an RSV-hMPV VLP combination vaccine is warranted.

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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a prevalent respiratory pathogen, but comprehensive estimates of severe clinical outcomes across populations are lacking. We synthesized the proportion of severe outcomes among people with laboratory-confirmed HMPV infection.MethodWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and Google Scholar from inception to 20 January 2026, without language restrictions. Observational studies reporting severe outcomes (hospitalization, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, respiratory support, mechanical ventilation, mortality) in laboratory-confirmed HMPV infection were eligible; studies enrolling only people who are immunocompromised without comparators were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Pooled proportions were estimated using random-effects generalized linear mixed models with logit transformation. Subgroup analyses examined healthcare setting and age.ResultsNinety-four studies (∼26 000 people who are HMPV positive) were included. Pooled proportions were 48% (95% CI, 20%–78%; 8 studies, n = 1445) for hospitalization; 12% (95% CI, 8%–16%; 26 studies, n = 14 522; Egger P = .03) for ICU admission; 40% (95% CI, 26%–56%; 18 studies, n = 4328) for respiratory support; 8% (95% CI, 5%–13%; 16 studies, n = 5543) for mechanical ventilation; and 3% (95% CI, 2%–5%; 29 studies, n = 13 657; I2 = 78.5%) for in-hospital mortality. Mortality was highest among adults (6%).ConclusionsHuman metapneumovirus causes substantial hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality, supporting strengthened surveillance, integration into respiratory virus prevention strategies, and accelerated vaccine development.

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Human Metapneumovirus PCR Detection Kit Respiratory labs need pathogen-specific confirmation because hMPV symptoms overlap with other paramyxoviruses and asymptomatic infections are common. Procurement then turns on reagent documentation, not on the diagnostic rationale. hMPV was first isolated in 2001 and shows low homology with human parainfluenza viruses, though it is closer to avian pneumonia virus. Clinical symptoms alone rarely separate it from other respiratory infections, and asymptomatic cases are frequent.