ARBA’ILO, Iraq — Syria risks renewed conflict if the grievances that fueled the war remain unresolved, particularly those stemming from centralized governance and the exclusion of the country’s diverse communities, Amy Austin Holmes, a research professor at George Washington University, said at the MERI Forum in Arba’ilo (Erbil). Speaking about lessons from other post-conflict transitions, Holmes said lasting peace depends on addressing the underlying problems that trigger conflicts rather than allowing them to persist.