#MedusozoaMadness
Love the #Hype4Hydrozoa for this lovely jelly!

This red eye jelly (Polyorchis penicillatus) is thought to be an ambush predator. The jelly will spread out its tentacles and slowly sink in the water (“sink fishing”), ensnaring any unsuspecting arthropod below.

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#MedusozoaMadness
“True” jellies: ~200 species
Box jellies: ~50 species
Stalked jellies: ~50 species

If you know me I am always #Hype4Hydrozoa, and lucky me Hydrozoa or “water animals” includes over 3500 species to get excited about, spanning from freshwater to the deep ocean!

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#MedusozoaMadness
March 16, 2024 at 8:57 PM
“True” jellies: ~200 species
Box jellies: ~50 species
Stalked jellies: ~50 species

If you know me I am always #Hype4Hydrozoa, and lucky me Hydrozoa or “water animals” includes over 3500 species to get excited about, spanning from freshwater to the deep ocean!

🧪🪼🧪

#MedusozoaMadness
March 9, 2024 at 2:45 PM
Okay “true” and “box” jellies, but stalked jellyfish?

Staurozoa includes ~50 species that have similar structures as a “typical” swimming medusa, but instead these stauromedusae attach to substrate like algae or rocks!

📷 Stalked jellyfish at Friday Harbor Labs

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#MedusozoaMadness
March 6, 2024 at 9:47 PM
What are medusozoans anyway?

Medusa = jellyfish, or the swimming life stage present in the lineages of Medusozoa, a subphylum in Cnidaria! The jellyfish stage (typically) proceeds after the benthic polyp stage.

📷 Sanderia polyps and young jellies (ephyrae)!

#MedusozoaMadness
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March 3, 2024 at 3:06 PM
Medusozoan classes includes:
• Scyphozoa (“true” jellies)
• Cubozoa (box jellies)
• Staurozoa (stalked jellies)
• Hydrozoa (water animals)

Jellyfish are found across these groups, but in some cases the jellyfish stage has been highly modified or even lost!

#MedusozoaMadness
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March 3, 2024 at 3:13 PM
“True jellyfish” you say?

Scyphozoa may be called true jellies since they often grow into larger jellyfish (easier to see!) in marine habitats across the world. There are ~200 described species such as moons, sea nettles, upside-downs, and egg yolk jellies!

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#MedusozoaMadness
March 4, 2024 at 9:02 PM
And box jellyfish? Seems odd…

In more ways than one! Cubozoans or box jellies have cube-shaped bells and 1 or more tentacles at each of the four “corners”. Some species are known for having complex eyes, fast swimming speeds, or potent venoms!

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#MedusozoaMadness
#ToxinTuesday
March 5, 2024 at 11:14 PM
Several jellies can be longer and larger than humans!

Lion’s Mane Jellyfish (genus Cyanea): 3m bell diameter, 30+ m long tentacles!

📷 Washed up “small” Lion’s mane along rocky intertidal, with my boot for size.

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#MedusozoaMadness
March 16, 2024 at 8:51 PM
Did someone say #MedusozoaMadness?

These moon jellies are just a few months old, but have grown fast on a steady diet of brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) or “sea monkeys.” You can see this jelly’s last meal still inside!

📷: Moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea), raised in @pcart.bsky.social lab.

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March 2, 2024 at 1:59 PM
Okay so jellyfish often live as polyps for a while, but polyps don’t sting right?

Not so! The polyp stage also contains stinging cells, which house the venom-filled structures that give jellies their sting.

🎥 Sanderia (Amakusa jellyfish) polyps on slide.

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#MedusozoaMadness #ToxinTuesday
March 19, 2024 at 3:46 PM
Want to learn more about box jellies? This review looks at how different species in this group are related and what that may mean for how various cubozoan traits evolved!

#MedusozoaMadness

doi.org/10.1098/rspb...
Evolution of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), a group of highly toxic invertebrates | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Cubozoa (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) represents a small clade of approximately 50 described species, some of which cause serious human envenomations. Our understanding of the evolutionary history of Cubozoa has been limited by the lack of a sound phylogenetic ...
doi.org
March 5, 2024 at 11:15 PM
Can you spot the strobilating polyp? It’s not hard to find, since the soon-to-be free swimming jelly (or ephyra) is orange-red in color, and will even pulse a bit before detaching!

#MedusozoaMadness
March 19, 2024 at 3:47 PM
Check this review on this highly unique and understudied medusozoan group to learn more: doi.org/10.1007/s12526…#MedusozoaMadnessss
March 6, 2024 at 9:51 PM