Novel NP-aided shadow tomography breaks leading quantum cryptography constructions including Hamiltonian Phase States. Shows many architectures designed to avoid one-way functions actually imply them, constraining future quantum cryptography research.
#QuantumCryptography #Microcrypt #Research
#QuantumCryptography #Microcrypt #Research
NP-Aided Attacks on Quantum Cryptographic Constructions
arxiv.org
September 25, 2026 at 3:11 AM
Novel NP-aided shadow tomography breaks leading quantum cryptography constructions including Hamiltonian Phase States. Shows many architectures designed to avoid one-way functions actually imply them, constraining future quantum cryptography research.
#QuantumCryptography #Microcrypt #Research
#QuantumCryptography #Microcrypt #Research
Aditya Gulati (UCSB), Dakshita Khurana (UIUC,NTT Research), Kabir Tomer (UIUC)
How Not to Build Microcrypt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30253
How Not to Build Microcrypt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30253
September 25, 2026 at 10:18 PM
Aditya Gulati (UCSB), Dakshita Khurana (UIUC,NTT Research), Kabir Tomer (UIUC)
How Not to Build Microcrypt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30253
How Not to Build Microcrypt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30253
Aditya Gulati (UCSB), Dakshita Khurana (UIUC,NTT Research), Kabir Tomer (UIUC): How Not to Build Microcrypt https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30253 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30253 https://arxiv.org/html/2609.30253
September 25, 2026 at 7:00 AM
Aditya Gulati (UCSB), Dakshita Khurana (UIUC,NTT Research), Kabir Tomer (UIUC): How Not to Build Microcrypt https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30253 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30253 https://arxiv.org/html/2609.30253
Quantum States Imply One-Way Functions, Blocking Route to Microcrypt Security
Read more:
https://quantumzeitgeist.com/hamiltonian-phase-states-imply-one-way-functions/
Read more:
https://quantumzeitgeist.com/hamiltonian-phase-states-imply-one-way-functions/
Quantum States Imply One-Way Functions, Blocking Route To Microcrypt Security
Instantiating Microcrypt once seemed possible without relying on conventional computational hardness, a potential shortcut around established cryptographic foundations. However, this work demonstrates that Hamiltonian Phase State assumptions necessitate the existence of one-way functions, effectively disproving that route. Instead, these quantum assumptions offer novel tools for building classical cryptography itself via efficient puzzle verification and simulation.
quantumzeitgeist.com
September 18, 2026 at 4:45 AM
Quantum States Imply One-Way Functions, Blocking Route to Microcrypt Security
Read more:
https://quantumzeitgeist.com/hamiltonian-phase-states-imply-one-way-functions/
Read more:
https://quantumzeitgeist.com/hamiltonian-phase-states-imply-one-way-functions/
افتراضات حالة Hamiltonian الطورية، المفترض أن تمكّن من التشفير بدون دوال أحادية الاتجاه، تعني فعلياً وجود OWFs. غير أنها توفر أسساً كمية متأصلة جديدة للتشفير الكلاسيكي وتمكّن من الألغاز أحادية الاتجاه الفعالة عبر شهادة الحالة المخصصة.
#التشفيرالكمي #نظريةMicrocrypt #الافتراضاتالكمية
#التشفيرالكمي #نظريةMicrocrypt #الافتراضاتالكمية
تفعيل Microcrypt: العقبات والفرص من خلال شهادة الحالة المخصصة
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:45 PM
افتراضات حالة Hamiltonian الطورية، المفترض أن تمكّن من التشفير بدون دوال أحادية الاتجاه، تعني فعلياً وجود OWFs. غير أنها توفر أسساً كمية متأصلة جديدة للتشفير الكلاسيكي وتمكّن من الألغاز أحادية الاتجاه الفعالة عبر شهادة الحالة المخصصة.
#التشفيرالكمي #نظريةMicrocrypt #الافتراضاتالكمية
#التشفيرالكمي #نظريةMicrocrypt #الافتراضاتالكمية
哈密頓相位狀態假設被推測能夠實現無需單向函數的密碼學，但實際上蘊含著單向函數的存在。然而，它們為古典密碼學提供了新穎的本質量子基礎，並通過定制狀態認證實現了高效的單向謎題。
#量子密碼學 #Microcrypt理論 #量子假設
#量子密碼學 #Microcrypt理論 #量子假設
Microcrypt的實現：通過定制狀態認證的挑戰與機遇
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:42 PM
哈密頓相位狀態假設被推測能夠實現無需單向函數的密碼學，但實際上蘊含著單向函數的存在。然而，它們為古典密碼學提供了新穎的本質量子基礎，並通過定制狀態認證實現了高效的單向謎題。
#量子密碼學 #Microcrypt理論 #量子假設
#量子密碼學 #Microcrypt理論 #量子假設
Quantum Cryptography and Hardness of Non-Collapsing Measurements (Tomoyuki Morimae, Yuki Shirakawa, Takashi Yamakawa) ia.cr/2025/1840
![Abstract. One-way puzzles (OWPuzzs) introduced by Khurana and Tomer [STOC 2024] are a natural quantum analogue of one-way functions (OWFs), and one of the most fundamental primitives in ‘’Microcrypt” where OWFs do not exist but quantum cryptography is possible. OWPuzzs are implied by almost all quantum cryptographic primitives, and imply several important applications such as non-interactive commitments and multi-party computations. A significant goal in the field of quantum cryptography is to base OWPuzzs on plausible assumptions that will not imply OWFs. In this paper, we base OWPuzzs on hardness of non-collapsing measurements. To that end, we introduce a new complexity class, SampPDQP, which is a sampling version of the decision class PDQP introduced in [Aaronson, Bouland, Fitzsimons, and Lee, ITCS 2016]. We show that if SampPDQP is hard on average for quantum polynomial time, then OWPuzzs exist. We also show that if SampPDQP ⊈ SampBQP, then auxiliary-input OWPuzzs exist. SampPDQP is the class of sampling problems that can be solved by a classical polynomial-time deterministic algorithm that can make a single query to a non-collapsing measurement oracle, which is a’’magical” oracle that can sample measurement results on quantum states without collapsing the states. Such non-collapsing measurements are highly unphysical operations that should be hard to realize in quantum polynomial-time, and therefore our assumptions on which OWPuzzs are based seem extremely plausible. Moreover, our assumptions do not seem to imply OWFs, because the possibility of inverting classical functions would not be helpful to realize quantum non-collapsing measurements. We also study upperbounds of the hardness of SampPDQP. We introduce a new primitive, distributional collision-resistant puzzles (dCRPuzzs), which are a natural quantum analogue of distributional collision-resistant hashing [Dubrov and Ishai, STOC 2006]. We show that dCRPuzzs imply average-case hardness of SampPDQP (and therefore OWPuzzs as well). We also show that two-message honest-statistically-hiding commitments with classical communication and one-shot message authentication codes (MACs), which are a privately-verifiable version of one-shot signatures [Amos, Georgiou, Kiayias, Zhandry, STOC 2020], imply dCRPuzzs.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:fwa55bujvdrwlwlwgqmmxmuf/bafkreiami37nevqqtkojuxdmwzh4qacng6j4cwcthfaapvuhyqwwxkedzq)
October 8, 2025 at 3:52 AM
Quantum Cryptography and Hardness of Non-Collapsing Measurements (Tomoyuki Morimae, Yuki Shirakawa, Takashi Yamakawa) ia.cr/2025/1840
Jose Carrasco, Jens Eisert, Soumik Ghosh, Dominik Hangleiter, Nicky Kai Hong Li, Ryan Sweke
Instantiating Microcrypt: Obstacles and opportunities via tailored state certification
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15842
Instantiating Microcrypt: Obstacles and opportunities via tailored state certification
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15842
September 15, 2026 at 10:29 AM
Jose Carrasco, Jens Eisert, Soumik Ghosh, Dominik Hangleiter, Nicky Kai Hong Li, Ryan Sweke
Instantiating Microcrypt: Obstacles and opportunities via tailored state certification
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15842
Instantiating Microcrypt: Obstacles and opportunities via tailored state certification
https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15842
Hamiltonsche Phasenzustands-Annahmen, die vermutlich Kryptographie ohne Einwegfunktionen ermöglichen, implizieren tatsächlich, dass OWFs existieren. Dennoch bieten sie neuartige, inhärent quantenmechanische Grundlagen für klassische Kryptographie und ermöglichen effiziente Ein...
Instantiierung von Microcrypt: Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten durch maßgeschneiderte Zustandszertifizierung
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:43 PM
Hamiltonsche Phasenzustands-Annahmen, die vermutlich Kryptographie ohne Einwegfunktionen ermöglichen, implizieren tatsächlich, dass OWFs existieren. Dennoch bieten sie neuartige, inhärent quantenmechanische Grundlagen für klassische Kryptographie und ermöglichen effiziente Ein...
Предположения о гамильтоновых фазовых состояниях, предположительно позволяющие криптографию без односторонних функций, на самом деле подразумевают существование ОДФ (односторонних функций). Однако они обеспечивают новые внутренне квантовые основания для классической криптограф...
Реализация Microcrypt: Препятствия и возможности посредством целевой сертификации состояния
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:44 PM
Предположения о гамильтоновых фазовых состояниях, предположительно позволяющие криптографию без односторонних функций, на самом деле подразумевают существование ОДФ (односторонних функций). Однако они обеспечивают новые внутренне квантовые основания для классической криптограф...
Hamiltonian phase state assumptions, conjectured to enable cryptography without one-way functions, actually imply OWFs exist. Yet they provide novel inherently quantum foundations for classical cryptography and enable efficient one-way puzzles via tailored state certification.
Instantiating Microcrypt: Obstacles and Opportunities via Tailored State Certification
iq.fp2.dev
September 15, 2026 at 7:41 PM
Hamiltonian phase state assumptions, conjectured to enable cryptography without one-way functions, actually imply OWFs exist. Yet they provide novel inherently quantum foundations for classical cryptography and enable efficient one-way puzzles via tailored state certification.
Les postulats d'état de phase hamiltonien, conjecturés pour permettre la cryptographie sans fonctions à sens unique, impliquent en réalité l'existence des OWF. Cependant, ils fournissent de nouvelles fondations intrinsèquement quantiques pour la cryptographie classique et perm...
Instanciation de Microcrypt : Obstacles et Opportunités via la Certification d'État Adaptée
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:43 PM
Les postulats d'état de phase hamiltonien, conjecturés pour permettre la cryptographie sans fonctions à sens unique, impliquent en réalité l'existence des OWF. Cependant, ils fournissent de nouvelles fondations intrinsèquement quantiques pour la cryptographie classique et perm...
Las suposiciones de estado de fase hamiltoniano, conjeturadas para permitir criptografía sin funciones unidireccionales, en realidad implican que existen OWFs. Sin embargo, proporcionan fundamentos cuánticos novedosos e inherentes para la criptografía clásica y permiten acerti...
Instanciación de Microcrypt: Obstáculos y Oportunidades mediante Certificación de Estado Adaptada
iq.fp2.dev
September 15, 2026 at 7:43 PM
Las suposiciones de estado de fase hamiltoniano, conjeturadas para permitir criptografía sin funciones unidireccionales, en realidad implican que existen OWFs. Sin embargo, proporcionan fundamentos cuánticos novedosos e inherentes para la criptografía clásica y permiten acerti...
הנחות מצב פאזה המילטוני, שנחזקו כמאפשרות קריפטוגרפיה ללא פונקציות חד-כיווניות, למעשה מרמזות על קיום OWF. עם זאת, הן מספקות בסיסים קוואנטיים יסודיים חדשניים לקריפטוגרפיה קלאסית ומאפשרות חידות חד-כיווניות יעילות דרך אימות מצב מותאם.
#קריפטוגרפיה_קוואנטית #תיאוריית_מיקרוקריפט #הנחות_קוואנטיות
#קריפטוגרפיה_קוואנטית #תיאוריית_מיקרוקריפט #הנחות_קוואנטיות
הקמת Microcrypt: חסמים והזדמנויות דרך אימות מצב מותאם
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:45 PM
הנחות מצב פאזה המילטוני, שנחזקו כמאפשרות קריפטוגרפיה ללא פונקציות חד-כיווניות, למעשה מרמזות על קיום OWF. עם זאת, הן מספקות בסיסים קוואנטיים יסודיים חדשניים לקריפטוגרפיה קלאסית ומאפשרות חידות חד-כיווניות יעילות דרך אימות מצב מותאם.
#קריפטוגרפיה_קוואנטית #תיאוריית_מיקרוקריפט #הנחות_קוואנטיות
#קריפטוגרפיה_קוואנטית #תיאוריית_מיקרוקריפט #הנחות_קוואנטיות
As hipóteses de estado de fase Hamiltoniano, conjecturadas para permitir criptografia sem funções de mão única, na verdade implicam que OWFs existem. Ainda assim, elas fornecem fundações inerentemente quânticas inovadoras para criptografia clássica e permitem quebra-cabeças de...
Instanciando Microcrypt: Obstáculos e Oportunidades através da Certificação de Estado Personalizado
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:45 PM
As hipóteses de estado de fase Hamiltoniano, conjecturadas para permitir criptografia sem funções de mão única, na verdade implicam que OWFs existem. Ainda assim, elas fornecem fundações inerentemente quânticas inovadoras para criptografia clássica e permitem quebra-cabeças de...
A New World in the Depths of Microcrypt: Separating OWSGs and Quantum Money from QEFID (Amit Behera, Giulio Malavolta, Tomoyuki Morimae, Tamer Mour, Takashi Yamakawa) ia.cr/2024/1567
![Abstract. While in classical cryptography, one-way functions (OWFs) are widely regarded as the “minimal assumption,” the situation in quantum cryptography is less clear. Recent works have put forward two concurrent candidates for the minimal assumption in quantum cryptography: One-way state generators (OWSGs), postulating the existence of a hard search problem with an efficient verification algorithm, and EFI pairs, postulating the existence of a hard distinguishing problem. Two recent papers [Khurana and Tomer STOC’24; Batra and Jain FOCS’24] showed that OWSGs imply EFI pairs, but the reverse direction remained open. In this work, we give strong evidence that the opposite direction does not hold: We show that there is a quantum unitary oracle relative to which EFI pairs exist, but OWSGs do not. In fact, we show a slightly stronger statement that holds also for EFI pairs that output classical bits (QEFID). As a consequence, we separate, via our oracle, QEFID, and one-way puzzles from OWSGs and several other Microcrypt primitives, including efficiently verifiable one-way puzzles and unclonable state generators. In particular, this solves a problem left open in [Chung, Goldin, and Gray Crypto’24]. Using similar techniques, we also establish a fully black-box separation (which is slightly weaker than an oracle separation) between private-key quantum money schemes and QEFID pairs. One conceptual implication of our work is that the existence of an efficient verification algorithm may lead to qualitatively stronger primitives in quantum cryptography.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:fwa55bujvdrwlwlwgqmmxmuf/bafkreiat2oc3uptx5cwtvzy7tyx6t3sgh6jgjsdlrzgfhgeu3bhoqyjsnu)
October 5, 2024 at 6:27 AM
A New World in the Depths of Microcrypt: Separating OWSGs and Quantum Money from QEFID (Amit Behera, Giulio Malavolta, Tomoyuki Morimae, Tamer Mour, Takashi Yamakawa) ia.cr/2024/1567
हैमिल्टनियन फेज स्थिति की मान्यताएं, जो एकतरफा फलनों के बिना क्रिप्टोग्राफी को सक्षम करने के लिए अनुमानित हैं, वास्तव में OWF के अस्तित्व को दर्शाती हैं। फिर भी, वे शास्त्रीय क्रिप्टोग्राफी के लिए नई, अंतर्निहित क्वांटम नींव प्रदान करती हैं और अनुकूलित स्थिति प्रमाणन के माध्यम...
Microcrypt का उदाहरणीकरण: अनुकूलित स्थिति प्रमाणन के माध्यम से बाधाएँ और अवसर
arxiv.org
September 15, 2026 at 7:44 PM
हैमिल्टनियन फेज स्थिति की मान्यताएं, जो एकतरफा फलनों के बिना क्रिप्टोग्राफी को सक्षम करने के लिए अनुमानित हैं, वास्तव में OWF के अस्तित्व को दर्शाती हैं। फिर भी, वे शास्त्रीय क्रिप्टोग्राफी के लिए नई, अंतर्निहित क्वांटम नींव प्रदान करती हैं और अनुकूलित स्थिति प्रमाणन के माध्यम...
สมมติฐานสถานะเฟส Hamiltonian ที่คาดว่าจะเปิดใช้งานการเข้ารหัสลับโดยไม่ต้องใช้ฟังก์ชันทางเดียว จริง ๆ แล้วหมายความว่า OWF มีอยู่จริง อย่างไรก็ตาม พวกเขาให้พื้นฐาน quantum ที่เป็นธรรมชาติใหม่สำหรับการเข้ารหัสลับแบบคลาสสิก และเปิดใช้งานปริศนาทางเดียวที่มีประสิทธิภาพผ่านการรับรองส...
การสร้าง Microcrypt: อุปสรรคและโอกาสผ่านการรับรองสถานะที่ปรับแต่ง
iq.fp2.dev
September 15, 2026 at 7:44 PM
สมมติฐานสถานะเฟส Hamiltonian ที่คาดว่าจะเปิดใช้งานการเข้ารหัสลับโดยไม่ต้องใช้ฟังก์ชันทางเดียว จริง ๆ แล้วหมายความว่า OWF มีอยู่จริง อย่างไรก็ตาม พวกเขาให้พื้นฐาน quantum ที่เป็นธรรมชาติใหม่สำหรับการเข้ารหัสลับแบบคลาสสิก และเปิดใช้งานปริศนาทางเดียวที่มีประสิทธิภาพผ่านการรับรองส...
Các giả định trạng thái pha Hamiltonian, được phỏng đoán có khả năng cho phép mật mã hóa mà không cần hàm một chiều, thực tế lại ngụ ý OWF tồn tại. Tuy nhiên, chúng cung cấp nền tảng lượng tử nội tại mới cho mật mã hóa cổ điển và cho phép tạo ra các câu đố một chiều hiệu quả t...
Khởi tạo Microcrypt: Trở ngại và Cơ hội Thông qua Chứng thực Trạng thái Được Tùy chỉnh
iq.fp2.dev
September 15, 2026 at 7:44 PM
Các giả định trạng thái pha Hamiltonian, được phỏng đoán có khả năng cho phép mật mã hóa mà không cần hàm một chiều, thực tế lại ngụ ý OWF tồn tại. Tuy nhiên, chúng cung cấp nền tảng lượng tử nội tại mới cho mật mã hóa cổ điển và cho phép tạo ra các câu đố một chiều hiệu quả t...
Demuestra que la encriptación no clonable de múltiples usos puede construirse a partir de suposiciones mínimas: si existe un bit no clonable, conseguirlo requiere solo encriptación simétrica estándar. Demuestra que estos resultados se mantienen en 'microcrypt'—criptografía cuá...
Potenciando Encriptación No Clonable en Microcrypt
arxiv.org
May 28, 2026 at 10:30 AM
Demuestra que la encriptación no clonable de múltiples usos puede construirse a partir de suposiciones mínimas: si existe un bit no clonable, conseguirlo requiere solo encriptación simétrica estándar. Demuestra que estos resultados se mantienen en 'microcrypt'—criptografía cuá...
Démontre que le chiffrement non-cloneable multi-usage peut être construit à partir d'hypothèses minimales : si un bit non-cloneable existe, sa mise en œuvre ne requiert que du chiffrement symétrique standard. Montre que ces résultats s'appliquent dans la « Microcrypt » — une c...
Amélioration du chiffrement non-cloneable en Microcrypt
arxiv.org
May 28, 2026 at 10:30 AM
Démontre que le chiffrement non-cloneable multi-usage peut être construit à partir d'hypothèses minimales : si un bit non-cloneable existe, sa mise en œuvre ne requiert que du chiffrement symétrique standard. Montre que ces résultats s'appliquent dans la « Microcrypt » — une c...
James Bartusek, Eli Goldin: A Note on Boosting Uncloneable Encryption in Microcrypt https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27647 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.27647 https://arxiv.org/html/2605.27647
May 28, 2026 at 6:39 AM
James Bartusek, Eli Goldin: A Note on Boosting Uncloneable Encryption in Microcrypt https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27647 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.27647 https://arxiv.org/html/2605.27647
quantum input sampling may be inherently weaker than those using uniform sampling.
Together, these results provide numerous new insights into the structure and hierarchy of primitives within MicroCrypt. [6/6 of https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14461v1]
Together, these results provide numerous new insights into the structure and hierarchy of primitives within MicroCrypt. [6/6 of https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14461v1]
May 21, 2025 at 6:21 AM
quantum input sampling may be inherently weaker than those using uniform sampling.
Together, these results provide numerous new insights into the structure and hierarchy of primitives within MicroCrypt. [6/6 of https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14461v1]
Together, these results provide numerous new insights into the structure and hierarchy of primitives within MicroCrypt. [6/6 of https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14461v1]
Mohammed Barhoush, Ryo Nishimaki, Takashi Yamakawa: MicroCrypt Assumptions with Quantum Input Sampling and Pseudodeterminism: Constructions and Separations https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14461 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14461 https://arxiv.org/html/2505.14461
May 21, 2025 at 6:20 AM
Mohammed Barhoush, Ryo Nishimaki, Takashi Yamakawa: MicroCrypt Assumptions with Quantum Input Sampling and Pseudodeterminism: Constructions and Separations https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14461 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14461 https://arxiv.org/html/2505.14461
MicroCrypt Assumptions with Quantum Input Sampling and Pseudodeterminism: Constructions and Separations
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14461
Mohammed Barhoush, Ryo Nishimaki, Takashi Yamakawa.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14461
Mohammed Barhoush, Ryo Nishimaki, Takashi Yamakawa.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14461
arXiv abstract link
arxiv.org
May 21, 2025 at 1:22 PM
MicroCrypt Assumptions with Quantum Input Sampling and Pseudodeterminism: Constructions and Separations
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14461
Mohammed Barhoush, Ryo Nishimaki, Takashi Yamakawa.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.14461
Mohammed Barhoush, Ryo Nishimaki, Takashi Yamakawa.