Coffee connects cultures, communities and economies worldwide, supporting up to 25 million farming households—mainly in developing countries—yet smallholder producers often bear disproportionate risks and receive only a limited share of the value generated across the supply chain. In recognition of coffee’s global importance and the people who produce it, the United Nations General Assembly designated 1 October as International Coffee Day through resolution 80/248, calling for collective action to build a fairer, more resilient and sustainable coffee sector.