On September the 25th 2026, we visited Toyama Prefecture in Japan. We had a lunch at Iwana (いわな) in Michi no Eki Kamidaira Sasara kan (道の駅上平ささら館). These are farmed whitespotted chars (Salvelinus leuco...

On September the 25th 2026, we visited Toyama Prefecture in Japan. We had a lunch at Iwana (いわな) in Michi no Eki Kamidaira Sasara kan (道の駅上平ささら館). These are farmed whitespotted chars (Salvelinus leuco...

On September the 25th 2026, we visited Toyama Prefecture in Japan. We had a lunch at Iwana (いわな) in Michi no Eki Kamidaira Sasara kan (道の駅上平ささら館). These are farmed whitespotted chars (Salvelinus leuco...

On September the 25th 2026, we visited Toyama Prefecture in Japan. We had a lunch at Iwana (いわな) in Michi no Eki Kamidaira Sasara kan (道の駅上平ささら館). These are farmed whitespotted chars (Salvelinus leuco...

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Caught in Buford, Wyoming, USA on 8/14/2026.

The Apache trout and roundtail chub that are native to Arizona’s West Fork Black River have long struggled to compete against invasive brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).

A giant blueback charr above a cold ME inland water and mountain region, celebrating Salvelinus alpinus oquassa with fun proportions and a vintage natural-history poster-like design. Perfect for reg...

We used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity to assess the complex postglacial history of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and test existing...

Animal personality is the expression of consistent among-individual variation in a behavioural trait across time and context. The application of this theory to behavioural research provides a valuable framework to investigate the among- and within-individual variation in behaviour. The animal personality theory is particularly relevant to understand and diagnostic fish welfare. It can be integrated within the nature-based welfare framework, which emphasizes the expression of species-specific behaviours and the maintenance of consistent behavioural patterns over time. Because behavioural trait such as boldness may be closely linked to other functional phenotypes, such associations reflect the broader concept of animal personality, whereby a behavioural trait can covary with another phenotypic trait to support an adaptive responses to environmental conditions. Although these relationships are both species and context dependent, they are consistently shaped by environmental conditions and environmental complexity tend to promote species specific behaviours and reduce maladaptive traits. Here we examined how structural environmental complexity shapes personality in Arctic charr and their covarying functional phenotypes, specifically growth rate and brain size. We propose that environmental complexity promotes alternative behavioural and functional phenotypes through multivariate phenotypic plasticity. We found that environmental complexity did not influence mean boldness between both treatments, but repeatability of boldness in the complex environment was remarkably consistent over a longer-term period, while estimates collapse after seven days in the plain treatment. Our findings are a clear evidence that environmental complexity foster stable behavioural trait expression and that a plain environment may suppress personality. Our results provide compelling evidence that behavioural structure and dynamics are embedded within patterns of behavioural variance. Although we found no support for behavioural covariation or associations with growth rate and brain size, we suggest that the animal personality framework may offer a valuable approach for diagnosing fish welfare issues through the partitioning of behavioural variance.

Animal personality is the expression of consistent among-individual variation in a behavioural trait across time and context. The application of this theory to behavioural research provides a valuable framework to investigate the among- and within-individual variation in behaviour. The animal personality theory is particularly relevant to understand and diagnostic fish welfare. It can be integrated within the nature-based welfare framework, which emphasizes the expression of species-specific behaviours and the maintenance of consistent behavioural patterns over time. Because behavioural trait such as boldness may be closely linked to other functional phenotypes, such associations reflect the broader concept of animal personality, whereby a behavioural trait can covary with another phenotypic trait to support an adaptive responses to environmental conditions. Although these relationships are both species and context dependent, they are consistently shaped by environmental conditions and environmental complexity tend to promote species specific behaviours and reduce maladaptive traits. Here we examined how structural environmental complexity shapes personality in Arctic charr and their covarying functional phenotypes, specifically growth rate and brain size. We propose that environmental complexity promotes alternative behavioural and functional phenotypes through multivariate phenotypic plasticity. We found that environmental complexity did not influence mean boldness between both treatments, but repeatability of boldness in the complex environment was remarkably consistent over a longer-term period, while estimates collapse after seven days in the plain treatment. Our findings are a clear evidence that environmental complexity foster stable behavioural trait expression and that a plain environment may suppress personality. Our results provide compelling evidence that behavioural structure and dynamics are embedded within patterns of behavioural variance. Although we found no support for behavioural covariation or associations with growth rate and brain size, we suggest that the animal personality framework may offer a valuable approach for diagnosing fish welfare issues through the partitioning of behavioural variance.

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The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) alevin was measured after 3 weeks of acclimation to 4–21°C. CTmax increased from 24.3 at 4°C to 26.7 at 9°C, plateaued betw...

Introduction of non-native species contributes to the global decline of freshwater fishes by disrupting the diet and resources of native species through competition. Despite the potential for non-nat...

AbstractObjective. Eradication of invasive Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis from stream ecosystems is often constrained by the inefficiency of electrofish