Chinese bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis) is a fish species endemic to China and listed as a Class I nationally protected wild animal. Although significant breakthroughs have been achieved in its artificial breeding, high mortality rates persist during cultivation. Beginning in August 2024, sustained mass mortalities occurred in artificially farmed Chinese bahaba at a farm in Guangdong Province. Diseased fish exhibited pronounced skin ulcers, ascites, gastroenteritis, and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination revealed severe necrotizing gastroenteritis, gill necrosis and edema, muscle congestion with inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatic congestion with marked vasculitis, renal interstitial necrosis with tubular atrophy, and abundant melanomacrophage centers in the spleen. Based on biochemical characterization and whole-genome phylogenomic analysis, the isolated strain HCY1 was identified as Vibrio harveyi. Artificial infection experiments with this strain resulted in 100% mortality and reproduced clinical signs similar to those in naturally infected fish. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that HCY1 remained susceptible to florfenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but was resistant to multiple antibiotics, including β-lactams and tetracyclines. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that HCY1 carries various antimicrobial resistance genes primarily conferring resistance to β-lactam and tetracycline antibiotics, consistent with the phenotypic resistance profile. The strain also harbored numerous virulence genes, including complete type III and type VI secretion systems (T3SS and T6SS), tlh, hap/vvp, and rtxB. Its plasmids encoded multiple virulence-enhancing genes, such as mcpA, pal, and esiB. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic investigation of a disease outbreak in cultured Chinese bahaba, and provides valuable insights for disease control and population conservation of this endangered species. ### Competing Interest Statement K. Yan is an employee of Guangdong Bluegen Marine Biotechnology Company. This relationship did not influence the design or outcomes of this study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. the National Key Research and Development Program of China, 2024YFD2401403 the APRC-CityU New Research Initiatives/Infrastructure Support, 9610574 the SIRG-CityU Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Grant, 7020090

Schneider, Dussiau, and colleagues show that splenomegaly in myelofibrosis reflects active remodeling of the splenic stromal niche, not only extramedullary hematopoiesis. Reticular cell-driven complement activation disrupts lymphoid architecture and promotes fibrosis, identifying C3 as a targetable stromal axis.

Neoehrlichiosis is caused by infection with the tickborne intracellular bacterium Neoehrlichia mikurensis. We describe 3 cases of direct antiglobulin test–negative hemolytic anemia in rituximab-treated patients infected with tickborne N. mikurensis bacteria in Norway during 2024–2025. All 3 patients had splenomegaly and night sweats. The hemolysis ranged from mild with compensated hemolysis to severe transfusion-dependent hemolysis that resulted in splenectomy in 1 case. All patients experienced complete resolution of hemolytic anemia and other symptoms of infection after eradication therapy with doxycycline for 21 days. Neoehrlichiosis should be considered as a curable cause of hemolytic anemia in N. mikurensis–endemic regions.

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