#ThreeRs—Replacement
Pakistan lacks a unified #AnimalTesting framework, leaving gaps in accountability and welfare oversight.

A national system based on the #ThreeRs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—could strengthen ethical and transparent research.

www.paradigmshift.com.pk/animal-testi...
Animal Testing in Pakistan: Legal Gaps, Reforms, and Deficiencies- Paradigm Shift
Aiza Musaddiq examines the legal gaps and regulatory deficiencies currently surrounding animal testing in Pakistan.
www.paradigmshift.com.pk
September 17, 2026 at 12:19 PM