arXiv abstract link

Phase identification The XRD patterns of the calcined catalysts at various ratios and calcination temperatures confirm the face-centered cubic structure and verify the crystalline nature of the resulting NPs. The XRD pattern of Co3O4 NPs exhibits eight characteristic peaks, as shown in Fig. 1(a), at 2θ = 19.12°, 31.27°, 36.79°, 41.75°, 44.85°, 55.72°, 59.65°, and 65.21°. The observed diffraction peaks correspond to the (111), (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), and (440) planes of cubic Co3O4 NPs, which are well-matched with JCPDS card No. 03-065-3103 (a lattice constant of a = 8.056 Å and space group Fd-3 m). The diffractogram of the prepared catalysts highlights the absence of any phase devoid of other reflections from carbon species or cobalt compounds such as Co(OH)2 or CoO. These findings confirm the high purity of the spinel Co3O4 structure. Similarly, the same planes of Co3O4 NPs are maintained in the synthesis procedures with varying ratios of Solanum lycopersicum leaf extract and cobalt acetate hexahydrate30, as reported by Tadesse Ayanie et al. The peak intensity became sharper and more intense as the calcination temperature increased, and the cubic phase of Co3O4 NPs remained stable up to 900 °C, indicating thermal stability. In this context,...

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