Nathalie Rolland of Nutropy argues that animal-free casein produced through precision fermentation matters for the future of the dairy industry.

Casein paint over ink and watercolor 11”x14” cradled wood panel 3/4” deep

Those Vegan Cowboys produce casein with enhanced functionality compared to its animal counterpart, requiring less to achieve the same great taste and texture. The possibilities with our casein are end...

Author summary High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cervical cancers. These viruses rely on the continuous expression of their E6 and E7 oncoproteins to reprogramme infected cells and promote cancer progression. Previous studies show that the oncogenic activity of E7 is strengthened by phosphorylation by Casein Kinase II (CKII), suggesting that this modification may enable E7 to engage specific host factors. In this study, we explored host cellular factors that specifically interact with the phosphorylated form of E7. We found that CKII-phosphorylated HPV-16 E7 binds to Vangl1, a key regulator of planar cell polarity. This interaction disrupts Vangl1’s normal trafficking, turnover, and localization, causing its abnormal distribution inside cells. The resulting imbalance destabilizes epithelial organization. When we reduced Vangl1 expression in HPV-positive cancer cells, they lost their invasive architecture and became more sensitive to chemotherapy similar to the ef

Those Vegan Cowboys and Formo receive an FDA no-questions letter for precision-fermented casein, advancing plans for US food and nutrition products.

【Food Funct】Insomnia is a multifactorial sleep-wake disorder associated with altered neurotransmitter homeostasis, systemic inflam

Those Vegan Cowboys and Formo receive an FDA no-questions letter for precision-fermented casein, advancing plans for US food and nutrition products.

European precision fermentation startups Formo and Those Vegan Cowboys have obtained a joint ‘no questions’ letter from the US FDA for their animal-free casein proteins. Four months after filing a joint notice confirming the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status of their respective precision-fermented casein proteins, Formo and Those Vegan Cowboys have now secured a ‘no questions’ letter from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The letter adds an extra layer of validation to the firms’ animal-free ingredients, and is an important milestone ahead of the FDA’s proposed elimination of the self-affirmed GRAS pathway. Not to mention it’s the first such letter issued for precision-fermented casein in the country. The FDA’s review spans the full scientific dossier filed in December 2025, from identity and composition and the manufacturing process to allergenicity, toxicology and dietary exposure. It covers the use of animal-free casein in cheese alternatives at an inclusion rate of up to 25%, with both companies now developing and working to commercialise their ingredients individually. “Those Vegan Cowboys and Formo worked together on R&D for two years, which helped both companies accelerate their development. The joint FDA filing originated from this collaboration and specifically focused on casein for cheese...