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EFTA01388631 | EFTA01388631 Domestic institutional investors were net buyers of real estate in the first half of 2016. As equity markets tumbled and credit spreads widened in January and February. fears mounted that investors would reverse course in order to rebalance portfolios — the so-called "denominator effect". However, now that equity prices have bounced to alltime highs and fixed-income yields have retreated, it seems likely that any pullback will prove fleeting and could give way to stronger inflows. Foreigners' appetite for U.S. commercial real estate is undiminished. Direct cross-border investment (excluding capital channeled through domestic funds or REITs) accounted for 17% of transaction volume in 2015, double its 15-year average .1' In ou€ view, several factors will continue to drive heavy foreign inflows, including negative interest rates in many developed economies, America's relatively strong economy and reputation as a safe haven, and legislative changes that will exempt most foreign pensions from the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tex Act (FIRPTA). 3.2 Public and Private Debt The volume of commercial (including multifamily) mortgage debt outstanding increased 6.7% year-over-year in the first quarter 2016. down slightly from 7.1% in the fourth quarter 2015 (see Exhibit 5). Mortgage growth was led by banks, which represent about 50% of the market. Life insurers and government-sponsored entities (primarily Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) also aggressively expanded their mortgage books. The major outlier was CMBS, where outstanding balances declined 6% year-over-year: CMBS issuance of $18 billion in the first quarter 2016, down from a quarterly average of $24 billion in 2015, was not enough to offset the volume of securities that were retired (through maturity, prepayment, or default).'s Exhibit 5: Growth in Mortgage Debt Outstanding 12% 10.8% 9 9% 9 3% 10% 8% 67% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% -6% -5.6% -8% Banks 4ovc. Life Insurers GovernmentSponsored Entitles Total CMBS Fakr.rl Reld1We. 0a0 as.d Via n 2014 PP I, Port.974000 [:no: in444t;.4 t41vFno Prospects for the CMBS market are uncertain. CMBS spreads widened sharply at the beginning of 2016, as creditmarket stress originating in the energy industry upended the broader bond market. As spreads increased. conduits curtailed originations, in part because they were less competitive with other debt providers but also to avoid the risk of incurring capital losses on loans pending securitization. CMBS spreads have narrowed substantially since February and reference rates have dropped as well, improving the economics of the CMBS business. However. the market faces two structural challenges: First, new risk-retention rules under the Dodd-Frank regulatory reforms that are scheduled to take effect in December 2016 will likely increase the cost and reduce the supply of CMBS loans. Second, the market faces $112 billion of CMBS maturities in 2017. nearly double this year's total, which will need to be refinanced or retired.'"• '4 Real Cepllel Aneivtivi Dote as of Month 2018 9 CRE rmorpm Council. Dale es of PelarrA 2016 CRE rmance Council. Data as of June 2016 U.S. Real Estate Strategic °Week I September 2016 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e) CONFIDENTIAL 9 DB-SDNY-0092295 SDNY_GM_00238479 EFTA01388631
February 19, 2026 at 5:42 AM