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EFTA01756297 | EFTA01756298 Chatham House The 3D printer is threatening to change the world Roger Highfield Article 1. The Washington Post The world must tell Iran: No more half-steps Ray Takeyh October 14, 2013 -- The great powers are again resuming diplomatic efforts =o settle the Iran nuclear issue. Expectations are high, as Iran is now pre=umed to be ruled by pragmatists<http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle=east/rouhani-sworn-in-as-iranspresident/2013/08/04/eb322736-fd2S-11e2-829=-0ee5075b840d_story.html> who seek to end its isolation. Although much of =he recent international focuschttp://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iranian-=resident-hassan-rouhanitakes-diplomatic-tone-at-military-event/2013/09/22=313937f4-2393-11e3-9372-92606241ae9c_story.html> has been on President Has=an Rouhani<http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iranians-await-presidential=election-resultsfollowing-extension-of-polling-hours/2013/06/15/3800c276-=593-11e2-a73e-826d299ff459_story.html> and his indefatigable foreign minis=er<http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/kerry-irans-zarif=holdunusual-private-meeting-on-sidelines-of-nuclear-talks/2013/09/26/d2fd=fac-2700-11e3-937292606241ae9c_story.html>, Mohammad Javad Zarif<http://n.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/kerryiranian-foreign-minister-to-meet/2013/09/23/bS9fa3dc-2480-11e3-ad0d-b7c8d2a594b9_story.html>, the =ritical decisions will be made by Iran's Supreme National Security Counc=l. The composition of that body and its new leadership say much more than =ouhani's proclamations<http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/i=anskhamenei-approves-rouhanis-diplomacy/2013/10/05/75fa8336.2db9.11e3-b14=-298f46539716_story.html> do about the direction of Iran's foreign polic=. The council increasingly is populated by a cohort of hard-liners who have s=ent much of their career in the military and security services. The head o= the council is Ali Shamkhani<http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle=ast/2013/09/11/Iran-s-president-names-Ali-Shamkhani-as-new-supreme-securit=-council-chief.html>, a hardened member of the Revolutionary Guards and fo=mer minister of defense who has played a critical role in all of Iran's =mportant national security decisions since the inception of the theocracy.=Shamkhani's deputy is a shadowy Revolutionary Guards officer, Ali Hussei=i-Tash, who for decades has been involved in Iran's nuclear deliberation=. This new cast of characters was critical of former president Mahmoud Ahmadi=ejad and his unwise provocations and rhetorical excess. They sense that as=lran increases its power, it behooves Tehran to present itself as a more r=asonable actor, imposing limits on expressions of its influence and accedi=g to certain global norms. For instance, Iran has condemned<http://www.was=ingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-president-rouhani-responds-to-syria=weaponsdeal/2013/09/16/55c63526-lecl-11e3-9ad0-96244100e647_story.html> t=e use of chemical weapons in Syria<http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/nat=onal-security/nearly-1500-killed-in-syrian-chemical-weapons-attackus-says=2013/08/30/b2864662-1196-11e3-85b6-d27422650f&story.html> and has declar=d its readiness to deal constructively with the nuclear issue. Despite their interest in diplomacy and embrace of more tempered language, =hamkhani and his advisers believe that Iran must claim its hegemonic role.=With the displacement of Iran's historical enemies in Afghanistan and Ir=q, and the unsteady political transitions in the Arab world, they sense th=t it is a propitious time for the Islamic Republic to claim the mantle of =egional leadership. Tehran has been offered a rare opportunity to emerge a= the predominant power of the Persian Gulf and a pivotal state in the Midd=e East. It is immaterial whether its assessment of regional trends is corr=ct, as such perceptions condition its approach to international politics. The newly empowered conservatives at the council's helm also believe that=lran needs a nuclear capability to enhance its influence. As Husseini-Tash=noted in 2006 during a rare public appearance, "The nuclear program is a= opportunity for us to make endeavors to acquire a strategic position and =onsolidate our national identity." But they also recognize the importanc= of offering confidence-building measures to an incredulous international =ommunity. All of this is not to 2 EFTA_R1_00057610 EFTA01756298
March 9, 2026 at 6:14 AM