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EFTA02674728 | EFTA02674736 207 CORTEX 49 (2013) 200-210 ROI Males Mean (SD) Subcentral gyms Subcentral sulcus (anterior) Subcentral sulcus (posterior) Suborbital sulcus Subparietal sulcus Sulcus intermedius primus (Jensen) Superior frontal gyms Superior frontal sulcus Superior occipital gyms Superior occipital sulcus and sulcus transversalis Superior parietal gyms Superior temporal gyms (lateral aspect) Superior temporal sulcus Temporal pole Transverse temporal gyms and intermediate sulcus Transverse temporal sulcus Females Sig. Left (mm43) Right (mm43) 2625.2 (482.1) 168.8 (95) 534.4 (146.5) 1096 (262.8) 1765.3 (416.6) 606.2 (265.4) 21154.3 (3018.9) 5054.1 (971.2) 2620.8 (489.4) 1712 (354.6) 2011.2 (400.1) 301.6 (107.5) 454.4 (107) 704.2 (184.8) 2190.8 (539) 811.3 (326.8) 19435.4 (2431.2) 4238.2 (987.4) 3457.7 (536.6) 1807.6 (397.4) 6141 (944.5) 6205.8 (902.2) 9046.6 (1251.5) 5982.5 (642.5) 1124.6 (238.6) 563.2 (155.1) Mean (SD) Sig. Left (mm43) Right (mm43) <.05' n.s. n.s. c.05' <.05' n.s. <.09 <.05a <.05' n.s. 2519.8 (279.2) 157.4 (72.2) 462.9 (144.9) 914.8 (201.9) 1619.1 (228.8) 483.1 (231.7) 19094.9 (2106.8) 4521.4 (921.4) 2281.2 (340.7) 1584.1 (291.3) 1960.3 (380.6) 273.5 (112.6) 424.7 (139.7) 525.5 (139.9) 1967.2 (403.3) 591.7 (146.5) 17487.1 (1978.6) 3924.1 (815.7) 2720.2 (439.6) 1822.9 (245.1) <.05° n.s. n.s. .c.05° n.s. n.s. <.05' n.s. <.05' n.s. 5011 (745.6) 5509 (727.7) 10057.2 (1069) 5987.8 (612.6) 872.7 (213.9) <.05' n.s. n.s. n.s. <.05' 5307.7 (837.6) 5593.4 (659.6) 8520.5 (1278.1) 5211.9 (847/) 1048.6 (162.8) 4467.3 (586.5) 4747.8 (664.2) 9255.6 (1116.8) 5393.4 (619.1) 807.5 (147) <.05' <.05' n.s. n.s. <.05' 457.5 (111.3) n.s. 497.7 (109.8) 455.9 (91.5) a After sonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. may be important for refining our understanding of hemispheric specialization. Inferoparietal association cortex, near the boundary of temporal and parietal lobes, helps maintain attention to the outside world (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002), and its damage, particularly on the right side, results in attentional impairment (Heilman et al., 2003). Prefrontal cortex found on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere (dorsolateral and ventrolateral) is critical for accessing and activating taskrelevant representations found in the posterior association cortices (O'Reilly and Munakata, 2000; )onides et al., 2008; Van Snellenberg and Wager, 2009). Close neuroanatomical connectivity and functional relationship exists between the posterior heteromodal association cortices and lateral prefrontal heteromodal association cortices (Goldman-Rakic, 1988; Fuster, 2008). By contrast, mesial/orbitomesial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices (ACCs) are critical for salience-driven decision making guided to a large extent by the organisms's internal states, motivations and needs (Bechara et al., 1998; Koenigs et al., 2007; Botvinick et al., 1999; Caner et al., 1999). The functional implications of the dual lateral versus mesial heteromodal association cortical asymmetry with opposite and complementary cortical space allocation are intriguing and they await further clarification. A possible relationship between hemispheric differences in heteromodal versus modalityspecific cortical space allocation and the differential roles of the two hemispheres in learning was ascertained in the old literature (Goldberg and Costa, 1981), but it clearly requires a reexamination with modern methodology. 4.2. Modality-specific cortical asymmetries We also found hemispheric differences in the modalityspecific cortical regional volumes. Areas implicated in visual processing are more extensive in the light than left hemisphere. By contrast, somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, portions of premotor cortex, and motor cortices controlling oropharyngeal structures are more extensive in the left than right hemisphere. Our findings that the superior temporal gyms, plenum temperate, and inferior portion of the motor areas are volumetrically larger in the left than right hemisphere parallel previously reported asymmetries in the plenum temporak and frontal operculum (Geschwind and Levitsky, 1968; Galaburda et al., 1978). Luders et al (2006) reported a similar pro-left hemispheric asymmetry in the cortical thickness of anterior temporal-lobe structures. Our finding of pro-right hemispheric differences in the volume of cortex implicated in visual processing parallels the cortical surface differences reported by Lyttelton et al. (2009) and cortical thickness differences reported by Luders et al. (2006). These asymmetries are broadly consistent with the commonly described left hemispheric dominance for language and right hemispheric dominance for visuo-spatial processing in humans. 4.3. Cortical space allocation on the latentl versus mesial aspects of the hemispheres Cortical space allocation on the lateral (convexital) aspect appears to follow a relatively clear pattern. Heteromodal association cortices are more extensively represented in the right than in the left hemisphere. We found this to be true both for the prefrontal and for the inferoparietal cortices. By contrast, modality-specific cortices are more extensively represented in the left than in the right hemisphere. Our data confirmed this for somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, portions of premotor cortex, and motor cortices controlling oropharyngeal structures. This is consistent with the earlier predictions (Goldberg and Costa, 1981). EFTA_R 1_01956848 EFTA02674736
April 17, 2026 at 8:25 PM