Kumar, Allen, Oster et al. show that motility of PxdA-marked early endosomes in Aspergillus nidulans is required for light-responsive development and production of secondary metabolites. In the pathogen A. fumigatus, PxdA loss also alters secondary metabolites. This links organelle dynamics to reproductive fate and secondary metabolite output in filamentous fungi.

Bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidota glide across surfaces using adhesins that attach to the substratum and are propelled along the cell body by an underlying track. The track is currently thought to form a single closed loop around the cell. Here we use 3D super-resolution tracking of single adhesin molecules in Flavobacterium johnsoniae to characterize adhesin movements in unprecedented detail. Our data overturn multiple aspects of the single closed loop model by showing that adhesins follow non-repeating trajectories that cross, make sharp turns, and exhibit reversals and circular paths. We develop a new model for Bacteroidota gliding in which the track network comprises multiple independently moving, open filaments. This supramolecular organization resembles that of other moving bacterial filaments such as MreB and FtsZ, suggesting that open filaments are a common organising principle in the bacterial cytoskeleton. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. EPSRC, EP/S036660/1 ERC, 833713 Wellcome Trust, 317933/Z/24/Z MRC, MR/N013468/1 BBSRC

Kumar, Allen, Oster et al. show that motility of PxdA-marked early endosomes in Aspergillus nidulans is required for light-responsive development and production of secondary metabolites. In the pathogen A. fumigatus, PxdA loss also alters secondary metabolites. This links organelle dynamics to reproductive fate and secondary metabolite output in filamentous fungi.

Hard poop is caused by motility issues, a low-fiber diet, dehydration, and certain medications. You can stay hydrated and eat fiber-rich foods to prevent hard stool.

Alt: Research