Producers responding to the assessment cited soil health as the primary motivation for compost use but said cost and inconsistent product quality limit wider adoption; the median price reported was $35/ton inclusive of transport.

CDFA and CalRecycle contractors presented findings from interviews, site visits and a 227‑response survey showing that cost, inconsistent quality and transportation logistics are the chief barriers to wider compost use on California farms. The agencies plan a statewide compost strategy by year‑end and asked stakeholders for further input.

Academic interviewees told the workshop that compost provides climate and soil‑health benefits (largely through avoided landfill emissions) but flagged research gaps on nitrogen fate, C:N ratios, compost maturity, microplastics and PFAS that are important for agricultural application and policy.

Researchers reveal how exercise-driven changes in gut microbes could influence recovery and propose a new “intestinal rehabilitation” approach for people with limited exercise capacity. Study: The role of gut microbiome in exercise rehabilitation: current status and perspective. Image credit: PeopleImages/Shutterstock.com A recent NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes study reviewed the available literature and summarized current understanding of the interaction between exercise rehabilitation and the gut microbiome, examined potential mechanisms underlying exercise-induced microbial adaptation, and proposed microbiome-based interventions for personalized rehabilitation. Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for non-communicable diseases The high and growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and neurodegenerative disorders, demands the development of safe, cost-effective, and integrative therapeutic solutions to improve clinical outcomes. Physical exercise stands out as a robust non-pharmacological intervention in this context. Exercise-based rehabilitation enhances musculoskeletal function, restores performance post-injury, and improves cognition and mobility in neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, exercise offers notable benefits for obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. While exercise reshapes the gut microbiota, particularly by increasing short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and enhancing microbial diversity, the precise molecular mechanisms linking these changes to clinical benefits remain unclear. This knowledge...

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