Abstract. This study presents a new set of high-resolution global climate simulations conducted with the EC-Earth3 model, including a 350 year pre-industrial, followed by historical (1850–2014) and fu...

Abstract. This study presents a new set of high-resolution global climate simulations conducted with the EC-Earth3 model, including a 350 year pre-industrial, followed by historical (1850–2014) and fu...

The state of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been a hot topic among climate scientists in recent years. The AMOC is crucial for climate regulation because it pulls warm surf...

Figure 3 illustrates the KGE results before and after bias correction by blue and red bars, respectively. Three GCMs were selected for bias correction as the best performing models in both temperature and wind speed, namely EC-Earth3-Veg, EC-Earth3, and CESM2-WACCM. The majority of the KGE values of the temperature are in the range from 0.7 to 0.9 when applying the 23 GCMs. The values of the KGE for EC-Earth3-Veg and EC-Earth3 while considering the wind speed were in the range from 0.5 to 0.55, and 0.43 for CESM2-WACCM. The KGE values of the wind speed for the rest of the models were less than 0.4. Then, a bias correction was applied to the three selected models. The output data were compared to that of ERA5-Land again. This is indicated by the red bars shown in Fig. 3 for both the temperature and wind speed. The KGE results reached a value of 0.99 after bias correction. Figure 4 represents the spatial distribution of mean temperature (°C) and wind speed (m/s) across Egypt. The historical data of both temperature and wind speed play a significant role in predicting the future of wind energy. The minimum and maximum values of the temperature across...

Given paleoclimatic evidence that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) may affect the global climate system, we conduct model experiments with EC-Earth3, a state-of-the-art GCM, to s...