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Patom Crater spans 80 meters wide and rises 40 meters high with seven distinct concentric rings—a morphological anomaly absent from 190+ other documented impact craters worldwide. Meteorite impact occ

Patom Crater spans 80 meters wide and rises 40 meters high with seven distinct concentric rings—a morphological anomaly absent from 190+ other documented impact craters worldwide. Meteorite impact occ

Patom Crater spans 80 meters wide and rises 40 meters high with seven distinct concentric rings—a morphological anomaly absent from 190+ other documented impact craters worldwide. Meteorite impact occ

Could catastrophic cosmic impacts have played a significant role in shaping the history of the Americas and the development of early civilizations? In this intriguing episode of The ‘X’ Zone, Rob McConnell welcomes author, researcher, and independent historian Edward Grondine to discuss his groundbreaking work, Man and Impact in the Americas. Drawing upon archaeology, geology, anthropology, and impact science, Ed explores the evidence suggesting that meteor and comet impacts may have profoundly influenced ancient cultures, environmental change, and human migration throughout North and South America. He examines how catastrophic natural events may have shaped the archaeological record and contributed to legends, oral traditions, and cultural memory passed down through generations. During this fascinating conversation, listeners will discover how impact events are investigated, the scientific evidence used to study ancient catastrophes, and the ongoing debate surrounding their role in human history. Ed also discusses how new discoveries continue to reshape our understanding of prehistoric civilizations and the resilience of early peoples in the face of dramatic environmental change. Whether you're interested in archaeology, ancient history, geology, catastrophic events, or the mysteries of early human civilizations, this episode offers a compelling exploration of one of the most intriguing theories about our distant past.

Effects could last as long as 18 million years.