Kùzu, the embedded graph database, was archived in October 2025.

LadybugDB a graph database. Contribute to LadybugDB/ladybug development by creating an account on GitHub.

What's Changed fix(storage): refresh node group scan state after a checkpoint by @kory-io in #1094 fix(storage): validate disk array and overflow page indices by @kory-io in #1095 fix(aggregate): ...

embedded graph database derived from Kuzu with Cypher querying

Shared standards, graph database upgrades, and four jobs in knowledge graphs

Provides an R interface to 'LadybugDB', an embedded columnar graph database using the 'Cypher' query language. 'LadybugDB' was formerly known as 'Kuzu'. This package uses native 'Rcpp' bindings to the 'LadybugDB' C library, requiring no 'Python' runtime.

Provides an R interface to 'LadybugDB', an embedded columnar graph database using the 'Cypher' query language. 'LadybugDB' was formerly known as 'Kuzu'. This package uses native 'Rcpp' bindings to the 'LadybugDB' C library, requiring no 'Python' runtime.

# Opensource – LadybugDB v0.21.0 Release LadybugDB v0.21.0 ReleaseLadybugDB v0.21.0 brings correctness, stability and performance improvements with GraphLake, SQL pushdown, and lakehouse integrations.Ladybug BlogLadybug Inc.GitHub - LadybugDB/ladybug: LadybugDB a graph databaseLadybugDB a graph database. Contribute to LadybugDB/ladybug development by creating an account on GitHub.GitHub * LadybugDB는 2025년 10월 아카이브된 Kuzu를 포크하여 이어받은 **오픈소스 임베디드 그래프 데이터베이스** 입니다. Kuzu에서 발전시켜 온 그래프 질의 처리 기술을 기반으로 외부 데이터 소스와의 연동을 확장하고 있습니다. * 지난 9월 30일 공개된 _v0.21.0 릴리스_ 에서는 SQL Pushdown, 외부 데이터 카탈로그, DuckLake 연동을 개선하고, 이를 GraphLake라는 방향으로 연결했습니다. 노트를 읽어보면 GraphLake는 그래프 데이터를 어떻게 저장할 것인지뿐 아니라, **기존 데이터가 있는 곳에서 그래프 질의를 어떻게 실행할 것인지** 라는 질문으로 이어집니다. 💡 기존 SQL 데이터를 옮기지 않고도 그래프 형태로 질의할 수는 없을까? * 최근 그래프 기술은 GraphRAG, 지식그래프, 데이터 분석 등 다양한 분야로 확장되고 있습니다. 그런데 실제 시스템에서 그래프를 활용하려고 하면 이미 존재하는 데이터를 그래프 데이터베이스로 다시 옮겨야 하는 번거로움이 존재합니다. * 이번 주 오마카세는 다음 질문에 대한 해답을 LadybugDB의 v0.21.0의 SQL Pushdown과 Icebug의 작동 방식, 그리고 이들이 GraphLake라는 구상에서 각자 어떤 역할을 하는지 살펴보겠습니다. * * * ### GraphLake를 구성하는 세 가지 아이디어 1. SQL pushdown – _기존 SQL 데이터베이스를 그래프로 해석_ * LadybugDB는 외부 데이터베이스를 연결한 뒤, 지원되는 Cypher 패턴을 SQL의 JOIN이나 집계 연산으로 변환하여 원본 데이터베이스에서 실행할 수 있습니다. * 여기서 중요한 것은 **질의를 작성하는 언어와 실제 데이터를 처리하는 엔진이 다를 수 있다** 는 점입니다. 사용자는 그래프의 연결 패턴으로 질의를 작성하지만, 실행 가능한 부분은 SQL로 변환되어 원본 시스템에서 처리됩니다. * 다만 모든 SQL 테이블이 자동으로 그래프가 되는 것은 아닙니다. PostgreSQL 등의 연동에서는 `node_`, `rel_` 접두사와 외래 키 관계를 활용하는 규칙이 있으며, DuckLake는 PK/FK 제약을 저장하지 않아 위 예제처럼 관계를 명시적으로 선언해야 합니다. 또한 SQL Pushdown 최적화는 관련 노드, 관계 테이블이 동일한 외부 데이터베이스에 존재하고 지원되는 패턴을 사용할 때 적용됩니다. * PostgreSQL 확장인 `pg_ladybug`의 `ladybug.pushed_sql` 함수를 활용해 어떤 SQL이 생성되었는지 확인하고, 예상한 최적화가 적용되었는지 살펴볼 수 있습니다. * 지원하지 않는 패턴의 실행 방식은 연동 경로마다 다릅니다. PostgreSQL 확장은 직접 실행으로 전환할 수 있지만, DuckDB의 일부 외부 관계 테이블 테스트에서는 Pushdown되지 않는 로컬 탐색이 오류를 발생시킨다고 명시되어 있습니다. 1. _여러 단계의 관계를 탐색하는 재귀 패턴을 SQL로 변환_ * 이번 업데이트에서는 여러 단계의 관계를 탐색하는 일부 재귀 패턴도 SQL의 `WITH RECURSIVE`로 변환할 수 있습니다. 그로부터 SQL Pushdown의 활용 범위를 크게 넓혔습니다. * 물론 모든 재귀 탐색을 SQL로 변환할 수 있는 것은 아닙니다. 현재 최적화는 유한한 탐색 상한, WALK 의미론, 단일 방향 관계 등의 조건을 요구하며, 경로 객체를 출력하거나 중간 노드에 조건을 부여하는 일부 패턴은 제외됩니다. * 공식 테스트에서는 1~3단계의 연결 경로를 탐색하는 패턴 예제를 보여줍니다. 같은 정점에 도달하더라도 서로 다른 경로가 존재하면 중복 결과가 나타날 수 있으므로, 고유한 도착 정점만 필요하다면 별도로 중복을 제거해야 합니다. * 즉, SQL 경로에서도 다단계 탐색이 가능하지만, **전용 그래프 저장 구조와 SQL 기반 탐색의 표현 범위 및 성능은 여전히 구분해서 평가해야 합니다.** 1. LadyBugDB Icebug – 관계 탐색에 최적화된 그래프 형태로 저장 Ladybug - Graph DatabaseDocumentation for Ladybug, an open source, embedded graph databaseLadybug * 반대로 같은 그래프를 반복적으로 분석한다면 관계 탐색에 최적화된 형태로 미리 저장하는 편이 유리할 수도 있습니다. LadybugDB는 이를 위해 **Icebug** 라는 그래프 전용 저장 형식을 제공합니다. * Icebug Format v1은 Icebug-Disk, Memory라는 이름의 두 형태로 나뉩니다. 두 방식 모두 CSR(Compressed Sparse Row) 구조를 활용합니다. * Disk : Parquet 기반 저장 형식으로, 객체 저장소에 있는 필요한 데이터 범위를 지연 로딩할 수 있습니다. * Memory : Arrow 기반 인메모리 형식으로, 현재 변환 유틸리티는 Python에서 제공됩니다. * SQL Pushdown이 **기존 SQL 엔진을 활용하는 방식** 이라면, Icebug는 **그래프 탐색에 맞춰 저장 구조를 준비하는 방식** 입니다. 공식 v0.17.0 발표에서도 Icebug를 확장 가능한 분석 워크로드용 권장 저장 형식으로 소개하면서, 사용하기 편리한 단일 파일 네이티브 데이터베이스 역시 계속 지원한다고 설명합니다. 다만 Icebug 파일을 처음 만드는 변환 과정은 필요할 수 있으며, 준비된 Icebug 데이터는 LadybugDB의 네이티브 저장소에 다시 적재하지 않고 질의할 수 있습니다. ### What is GraphLake ? GraphLake Vision Architecture (Credit : LadybugDB official release) * 이번 업데이트에서 소개한 GraphLake의 기본 구상은 _Iceberg 테이블과 Icebug-Disk를 결합하는 것_ 입니다. 여기서 주목할 부분은 그래프 데이터뿐 아니라 **메타데이터를 관리하는 방식** 입니다. * Iceberg는 객체 저장소의 메타데이터 파일을 활용해 테이블 상태를 관리합니다. 반면 DuckLake는 SQL 데이터베이스를 카탈로그로 활용하는 접근을 제시합니다. 이러한 발상에서 영감을 받아, LadybugDB는 객체 저장소의 JSON 메타데이터 파일 대신 SQL 또는 Cypher 데이터베이스의 카탈로그를 활용하는 방향을 소개합니다. 현재 DuckLake 연동과 Icebug 기반 질의 등 개별 기능은 제공되고 있습니다. * 아직 제시한 최종 구조 전체가 완벽히 구현되었다고 단정할 근거는 충분하지 않습니다만 실제 그래프 데이터의 저장, 메타데이터 관리, 질의 실행을 분리하여 구성하려는 개발팀의 아키텍처적 방향성으로 해석할 수 있습니다. 즉, 현재 제공되는 기술과 앞으로 지향하는 기술 구조를 병합하고자 하는 구상 아이디어로 이해하는 것이 좋습니다. * * * * 이번 릴리즈 노트에서 흥미로웠던 부분은 그래프를 활용하는 방식이 하나로 고정된 것이 아닌 기존 SQL 데이터를 그대로 사용하거나(_SQL Pushdown_), 그래프 전용 파일을 만들어서 반복 분석(_Icebug-Disk)_ 또는 Arrow 기반 파이프라인 안에서 메모리 분석(_Icebug-Memory_)을 각 기술의 설계 특성에 맞추어 선택할 수 있는 여러 실행 경로를 제공한다는 점입니다. * 실제로 비공식 벤치마크에서 질의 성능 개선을 보고하지만 세 아이디어를 동일 조건으로 비교한 결과는 아니므로 실제 환경에서 각 방식의 선택에서는 질의 패턴, 저장 비용 등과 실행 환경을 폭넓게 고려해야 합니다. * 오마카세 구독자분들께 전달해드릴 수 있는 메세지는 그래프 데이터베이스를 또다른 관점에서 바라보는 흥미로운 인사이트가 녹아있다는 것입니다. 그래프를 사용하기 위해 데이터를 어떻게 옮길 것인지보다, 기존 데이터는 유지하면서 이미 존재하는 데이터의 연결 관계를 그래프로 어떻게 효율적으로 표현하고 실행할 수 있을지를 선택할 수 있게 되는 것입니다. * GraphLake가 최종적인 해답이 될수는 없겠지만 차후 그래프DB 분석의 경계에서 업데이트 내용을 충분히 지켜볼 만한 부분이라고 생각이 됩니다. ## [Contact Info] Gmail: jhbae1184@akane.waseda.jp Twitter (X): @jhbae1184 LinkedIn

These are some things I’ve wandered across on the web this week. ## 🔖 Graph database-ball! Exploring the Game with the graph capabilities of LadybugDB, DuckDB and PostgreSQL This article presents a comparison of graph capabilities in three different databases: DuckDB (v1.4.4 with duckpgq), LadybugDB (0.16.1), and PostgreSQL (19devel). We will load a large volume of records (5,635,972 rows of baseball data covering people, parks, team records, and game play-by-plays) into each database, define the entities and relationships, and write a variety of queries that take full advantage of the graph structure. ## 🔖 Ambient Church Ambient Church transforms architecturally stunning spaces into immersive audio-visual environments. Our events feature pioneering artists presenting vibrant works in a context that elevates both the music and the space. Founded in Brooklyn in 2016, we facilitate collective peak experiences through the soundscapes of modern contemplative music. With an emphasis on education and environment, we seek to illuminate an underacknowledged lineage of sonic exploration. ## 🔖 Language models transmit behavioural traits through hidden signals in data Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate data to train improved models1,2,3, but it remains unclear what properties are transmitted in this model distillation4,5. Here we show that distillation can lead to subliminal learning—the transmission of behavioural traits through semantically unrelated data. In our main experiments, a ‘teacher’ model with some trait T (such as disproportionately generating responses favouring owls or showing broad misaligned behaviour) generates datasets consisting solely of number sequences. Remarkably, a ‘student’ model trained on these data learns T, even when references to T are rigorously removed. More realistically, we observe the same effect when the teacher generates math reasoning traces or code. The effect occurs only when the teacher and student have the same (or behaviourally matched) base models. To help explain this, we prove a theoretical result showing that subliminal learning arises in neural networks under broad conditions and demonstrate it in a simple multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier. As artificial intelligence systems are increasingly trained on the outputs of one another, they may inherit properties not visible in the data. Safety evaluations may therefore need to examine not just behaviour, but the origins of models and training data and the processes used to create them. ## 🔖 The Archive in Art Art in the Archive In this essay we will attempt to look at both the archive of art as well as the archive as art. When we draw a distinction between those materials that we treat as documents with a ‘factual’ historical significance (those which offer themselves in the service of scholarship), and the uses which artists make of the archive as one of the media of expression that intersect with their documentary value, we ask ourselves: which theories about the archive’s nature and function are applicable to Syrian art? What are the roles adopted by ‘the document’ and ‘the archivist’? To what extent do these roles alternate and intersect? ## 🔖 Cave of Forgotten Dreams Cave of Forgotten Dreams is a 2010 3D documentary film by Werner Herzog about the Chauvet Cave in Southern France, which contains some of the oldest human-painted images yet discovered—some of them were crafted around 32,000 years ago. It consists of footage from inside the cave, as well as of the nearby Pont d’Arc natural bridge, alongside interviews with various scientists and historians. The film premiered on 13 September 2010 at the Toronto International Film Festival. ## 🔖 5 Reasons I Wear A Mask (and you can too) a short zine about masking & disability justice ## 🔖 Starbucks ditches AI inventory system after just 9 months Starbucks is saying goodbye to its artificial intelligence inventory management system about nine months after its debut, Reuters reported Thursday. The tool, which used computer vision to track some parts of the chain’s inventory, was announced in September as a method to simplify inventory record-keeping and prevent stockouts. ## 🔖 “Renaud & Axelle Red” - Manhattan kaboul - (english subtitles) ## 🔖 FediRoster FediRoster is a slightly more heavyweight alternative to David Adler’s Sociologists on Mastodon software. It is intended to function as a public list of Mastodon and other fediverse accounts, geared primarily towards academic communities, but suitable for others as well. It offers functions for following listed accounts individually or in bulk. The main novelty here is that you can add yourself to the list through an authentication process instead of all the work falling on a list maintainer. You can sign in through your Mastodon account or send a message to the list’s bot to verify your account ownership. This also means that the hosting process for new lists is a bit more involved (it’s a Python/WSGI application). ## 🔖 Rust for Python Programmers: Complete Training Guide A comprehensive guide to learning Rust for developers with Python experience. This guide covers everything from basic syntax to advanced patterns, focusing on the conceptual shifts required when moving from a dynamically-typed, garbage-collected language to a statically-typed systems language with compile-time memory safety. ## 🔖 CS336: Language Modeling from Scratch Language models serve as the cornerstone of modern natural language processing (NLP) applications and open up a new paradigm of having a single general purpose system address a range of downstream tasks. As the field of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and NLP continues to grow, possessing a deep understanding of language models becomes essential for scientists and engineers alike. This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of language models by walking them through the entire process of developing their own. Drawing inspiration from operating systems courses that create an entire operating system from scratch, we will lead students through every aspect of language model creation, including data collection and cleaning for pre-training, transformer model construction, model training, and evaluation before deployment. ## 🔖 wasteback-machine Wasteback Machine is a JavaScript library for analysing archived web pages, measuring their size and composition to enable retrospective, quantitative web research. ## 🔖 No, Artificial Intelligence Is Not Conscious The primary difference between deepfake photos and LLM conversations is that the people who generate the former are deliberately trying to fool others, and many of the people who elicit the latter from LLMs have inadvertently fooled themselves. ## 🔖 A Visual Guide to Gemma 4 12B The removal of the encoders, which are typically in charge of making sense of the multimodal inputs, places the burden of making sense of all outputs on the LLM. Although the model is encoder-free, all modalities are now unified within the LLM. Instead of the model having to wait for the encoders to finish processing the audio and image inputs, the LLM can get started earlier processing the input and generating output! In this guide, I want to showcase what it took to remove the vision and audio encoders and replace them with something much faster. The result, a 12B model that can handle audio and image inputs but without the need for encoders. ## 🔖 LiteRT-LM Python API The Python API of LiteRT-LM for Linux, macOS and Windows. Features like multi-modality, tools use, and GPU and NPU acceleration are supported. ## 🔖 LiteRT-LM LiteRT-LM is Google’s production-ready, high-performance, open-source inference framework for deploying Large Language Models on edge devices ## 🔖 Google AI Edge Gallery AI Edge Gallery is the premier destination for running the world’s most powerful open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) on your mobile device. Experience high-performance Generative AI directly on your hardware—fully offline, private, and lightning-fast. ## 🔖 Introducing Gemma 4 12B: a unified, encoder-free multimodal model Today, we are introducing Gemma 4 12B, our latest model designed to bring agentic multimodal intelligence directly to laptops. Bridging the gap between our edge-friendly E4B and our more advanced 26B Mixture of Experts (MoE), Gemma 4 12B packages powerful capabilities inside a reduced memory footprint. It is also our first mid-sized model to feature native audio inputs ## 🔖 Solid State Book Solid State Books is a full-service, Black-owned general interest bookstore with a great selection of fiction & non-fiction titles. We stock literary gifts, stationery, greeting cards & puzzles for all ages. We have a carpeted, playful children’s books area in both stores for kids & parents alike to spread out & read together. Come by for weekly children’s story hours, catch monthly book groups, author readings/signings, local interest panels, political conversations & more! ## 🔖 minisearch MiniSearch is a tiny but powerful in-memory fulltext search engine written in JavaScript. It is respectful of resources, and it can comfortably run both in Node and in the browser. ## 🔖 Documents the Department of Justice tried to disappear. In May 2026, the Justice Department began systematically removing material from its web sites regarding the many indictments and convictions related to the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol. This archive reconstructs the vast bulk of those thousands of deleted records. ## 🔖 The Justice Department Erases History; Lawfare Restores It Last week, the Justice Department began systematically removing material from its web sites regarding the many indictments and convictions related to the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol. The operation started without fanfare or formal announcement and proceeded largely unnoticed. Until, that is, journalists such as the Washington Post’s Meryl Kornfield took notice of certain press releases and other materials that had conspicuously disappeared from www.justice.gov. “The Trump admin is quietly deleting info about the Capitol attack from the DOJ website as it prepares to give funds to J6ers,” Kornfield posted. “This week, DOJ deleted a press release about one man with an ongoing child solicitation case who came to the Capitol with bear spray.” Then, with typical bombast, the Justice Department responded by taking issue with one particular aspect of Kornfield’s characterization. “Nothing ‘quiet’ about it,” the DOJ Rapid Response account replied. “We are proud to reverse the DOJ’s weaponization under the Biden administration. We will do everything in our power to make whole those who were persecuted for political purposes. This includes stripping DOJ’s website of partisan propaganda.” We are not erasing history quietly, the Justice Department seemed to suggest. We are erasing history loudly and proudly. At Lawfare, we have restored the vast bulk of what was deleted. We have also started to preemptively archive a raft of material that has not yet been deleted but probably will be, given its thematic relationship to the material that was 86ed. ## 🔖 Data Center Policy Database Data centers are the physical facilities that power cloud services, AI systems, streaming, and nearly every digital platform people use each day. As demand for artificial intelligence accelerates, data centers are becoming major sources of electricity demand and local infrastructure pressure, which means their growth affects energy systems, communities, and long-term public planning. ## 🔖 The State of Data Center Policy in the United States The regulatory landscape for data centers in the United States has shifted dramatically in recent years from a period of aggressive economic incentives to a phase of intense scrutiny, restriction, and community-led resistance. To track these legislative changes, the DIGS Lab at the University of Virginia reviewed more than 700 federal, state, and local policies related to data centers. The data center policy database aims to bring transparency around zoning, permitting, and regulating data centers and their impacts on communities. This is what we found. ## 🔖 R.E.M. Live - 1981-11-07 Viceroy Park, Charlotte, North Carolina Another early R.E.M. set, from the same state but a different city as the previous show. Pretty much the same library of songs, but this one’s the superior show to get - it sounds slightly nicer and doesn’t have the equipment failures of the previous show. There’s already a source on here, but that’s a different master of the same recording. ## 🔖 itsjunetime / tdf A terminal-based PDF viewer. Designed to be performant, very responsive, and work well with even very large PDFs. Built with ratatui. ## 🔖 ratatui Ratatui (ˌræ.təˈtu.i) is a Rust crate for cooking up terminal user interfaces (TUIs). It provides a simple and flexible way to create text-based user interfaces in the terminal, which can be used for command-line applications, dashboards, and other interactive console programs. ## 🔖 Sonny Rollins with Paul Jeffrey Emission “Who is” de la BBC 2 Producer / Director : Dick Fontaine Produced by Allan King Associates Canada LTD. 1968

LadybugDB a graph database. Contribute to LadybugDB/ladybug development by creating an account on GitHub.

Discover what’s new this week in graph technology, including a new (embeddable) graph database, a double TinkerPop release, big PuppyGraph news and more.

Discover what’s new in the world of graph technology this week, including a new Gremlin graph database, 2 other major releases, and cybersecurity primer.

We compare neo-graph databases, Postgres, LadybugDB, and DuckDB, to understand the user experience and general performance.

LadybugDB optimizations targeting the performance bugs found in this research