The Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) group includes patients with initial mild-to-moderate symptoms during the acute phase of the illness, i...

ILC2s engage in bidirectional neuroimmune crosstalk that shapes diverse physiological functions, yet whether ILC2-mediated serotonergic signaling affects asthma pathophysiology remains unexplored. Luo et al. show that ILC2-derived serotonin promotes type 2 immunity and activates vagal sensory neurons, contributing to airway hyperreactivity, lung inflammation, and cough hypersensitivity upon RSV infection. These findings reveal an ILC2-neuron crosstalk in asthma pathophysiology.

PEI may affect many people with type 1 or 2 diabetes but is underdiagnosed and undertreated. This expert consensus provides guidance on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and…

Review the pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention strategies, intraoperative management of PVP pressure during modern phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Chagas disease is a zoonosis affecting 6 million people across 21 countries in Central and South America. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy represents the most severe form of organ involvement in the d...

Interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals, has been linked to the pathophysiology of Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), along with the theoretical concept of altered predictive coding (PC). FND symptoms such as sensory‐motor ...

Mitral valve disease is a major global contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with its epidemiology shaped by regional characteristics and changing causes. In high income countries, de...

Cell Death & Disease - Calcium release-activated channel regulator 2 A (CRACR2A), a novel player in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Neonatal sepsis is triggered by infections, primarily bacterial, within the first 28 days of life, and is a substantial contributor to neonatal mortality globally. This Primer discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and devastating disease resulting from the obstruction of pulmonary arteries (PA). PAH is multifactorial, involving all cell types of human pulmonary circulation, including PA smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs), pulmonary endothelial cells (hPECs), and PA adventitial fibroblasts (hPAAFs). A missense variant in the CRACR2A (Calcium release-activated channel regulator 2 A) gene was identified in patients with PAH, but its role in PAH pathogenesis remains unknown. CRACR2A was described as a regulatory protein of Orai1, the main calcium (Ca2+) channel involved in Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) and PAH pathogenesis. Exome sequencing identified 9 variants in the CRACR2A gene in both the French and US cohorts. Using immunofluorescence staining, we found that CRACR2A is expressed in hPASMCs and hPAAFs from both control and PAH patients. By immunoblot, we showed that CRACR2A protein expression is similar in hPECs and hPAAFs from PAH patients and controls, whereas expression is reduced in hPASMCs from PAH patients (PAH-hPASMCs) compared to controls. CRACR2A knockdown decreases SOCE and cell proliferation in hPASMCs from control patients. In PAH-hPASMCs, CRACR2A knockdown increased SOCE and Orai1 expression. By a liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based proteomic approach, we found that CRACR2A is involved in vesicle transport and...