Inpatient #nurses’ Anticipatory Perspectives on Assistive Robots: Qualitative Study
Background: Assistive robots have been proposed to support #nursing work by offloading routine, logistical, and physically demanding tasks. However, existing research has largely focused on postimplementation acceptance or usability, with fewer studies examining how #nurses conceptualize assistive robots before routine deployment, particularly in settings where exposure remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to explore inpatient #nurses’ anticipatory perspectives on assistive robots and to examine how perceived benefits, concerns, and implementation conditions are constructed at the preimplementation stage. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semistructured, face-to-face interviews with 16 registered #nurses aged 21 to 32 years from 4 general medical wards in a public tertiary hospital in Singapore. At the time of data collection, assistive robots had not been routinely implemented; participants’ exposure was limited to pilots, demonstrations, and indirect sources. Interview transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Participants’ accounts reflected anticipatory acceptance characterized by cautious optimism regarding the potential of assistive robots to support #nursing work, alongside concurrent concerns about safety, professional identity, relational care, and implementation feasibility. Four themes were developed: anticipatory optimism shaped by indirect exposure; negotiating uncertainty, safety, and professional boundaries; imagining assistive robots as workload and workflow support; and conditions for responsible implementation. Concerns centered on professional identity, patient safety, ethical boundaries, loss of human touch, technical reliability, cost-effectiveness, and organizational feasibility. Participants viewed assistive robots as acceptable only if they were integrated into #nursing workflows, preserved clinical judgment and relational care, and were supported by training, technical infrastructure, leadership commitment, and clear governance. Conclusions: #nurses’ anticipatory perspectives suggest that acceptance of assistive robots depends not only on perceived usefulness, but also on alignment with professional values, patient safety, relational care, and organizational readiness. Early #nurse involvement, human-centered implementation, structured training, and clear governance are needed to ensure that assistive robots augment rather than undermine #nursing practice.