Sen. Hashim said H.849 creates a state-court private right of action modeled on 42 U.S.C. §1983 to allow persons in Vermont to sue individuals acting under color of law — potentially including federal employees — for alleged U.S. constitutional violations; the Senate ordered third reading after debate and a roll-call vote of 23–7.

State laws empower Attorney General to defend key officials and institutions in lawsuits.