The protocol provides a structured approach for evaluating emergency authorisations of insecticides and acaricides under Article 53 of EU Regulation 1107/2009. It aims to standardise the evaluation o...

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus poses a major problem to the livestock industry worldwide, with acaricides resistance presenting an increasing…

The simple objective is to equip beekeepers with knowledge to reduce the dependence on acaricides and facilitate sustainable beekeeping that trends toward better bred bees. We strive to ensure our mem...

Scientific Reports - Behavioral and molecular disruptions in honey bees induced by lithium chloride exposure

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Used as recommended, acaricide barrier sprays do not significantly reduce the household risk of tick exposure or incidence of tick-borne disease. Measures for preventing tick-borne diseases should be ...

Used as recommended, acaricide barrier sprays do not significantly reduce the household risk of tick exposure or incidence of tick-borne disease. Measures for preventing tick-borne diseases should be ...

Mite infestations are a recurrent welfare issue that significantly affect the health, venom production, and survival of scorpions, particularly under human care. Chemical acaricides such as permethrins and fipronil, widely used in veterinary medicine for mite and tick control, are contraindicated in scorpions. Since mites and scorpions both belong to the class Arachnida, even minimal exposure can result in severe toxicity or death. Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) has been widely recognized for its...

General trends and strategies for the development of new pesticides are summarized. From 2015 to 2025, 156 chemical pesticides were launched or are under development: 47 fungicides, 54 insecticides/acaricides, 9 nematicides, and 46 herbicides. Most are safe to humans and environmentally friendly. Th …

BACKGROUND: Varroa destructor is the major ectoparasite of honey bees and a vector of viral pathogens. Because pathogen transmission and exposure to contact-active acaricides depend on mite host contacts, understanding the factors governing host residence time is important for both disease epidemiology and pest management. We quantified host residence time under varying bee densities and host-type compositions. RESULTS: Mean residence time was 9.48 h across 312 host-residence events. Mites remained on individual hosts for only 2.36 h on Day 1 but approximately 11-14 h from Day 2 onward. A generalized linear mixed model showed a strong positive effect of day on residence time ({beta} = 0.341, SE = 0.044, P < 0.001), corresponding to an approximately 41% increase in residence time per day. Excluding Day 1 eliminated this effect (P = 0.16), indicating that the temporal pattern was driven primarily by the initial exposure period. Reconstructing Day 1 observations to an 8-hour schedule confirmed that this pattern was not an artifact of observation frequency. Neither host type nor bee density affected residence time, and mite occupancy of nurse bees matched host availability. CONCLUSION: Host residence time was governed primarily by initial exposure rather than host identity or moderate crowding. The results identify a previously undescribed exploratory phase immediately after mites enter a novel adult-bee population. Because shorter residence times imply more frequent host switching, these findings improve our understanding of pathogen transmission dynamics and may help explain variation in the performance of contact-based Varroa control strategies.

BACKGROUND: Varroa destructor is the major ectoparasite of honey bees and a vector of viral pathogens. Because pathogen transmission and exposure to contact-active acaricides depend on mite host contacts, understanding the factors governing host residence time is important for both disease epidemiology and pest management. We quantified host residence time under varying bee densities and host-type compositions. RESULTS: Mean residence time was 9.48 h across 312 host-residence events. Mites remained on individual hosts for only 2.36 h on Day 1 but approximately 11-14 h from Day 2 onward. A generalized linear mixed model showed a strong positive effect of day on residence time ({beta} = 0.341, SE = 0.044, P < 0.001), corresponding to an approximately 41% increase in residence time per day. Excluding Day 1 eliminated this effect (P = 0.16), indicating that the temporal pattern was driven primarily by the initial exposure period. Reconstructing Day 1 observations to an 8-hour schedule confirmed that this pattern was not an artifact of observation frequency. Neither host type nor bee density affected residence time, and mite occupancy of nurse bees matched host availability. CONCLUSION: Host residence time was governed primarily by initial exposure rather than host identity or moderate crowding. The results identify a previously undescribed exploratory phase immediately after mites enter a novel adult-bee population. Because shorter residence times imply more frequent host switching, these findings improve our understanding of pathogen transmission dynamics and may help explain variation in the performance of contact-based Varroa control strategies.

Acaricides are used to control ticks; however, their irrational use may lead to resistance, making tick control more difficult. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of ticks and detect genetic mutations associated with resistance to organophosphates (OPs) and synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks in Punjab, Pakistan. Ticks were collected from livestock farms across three agroecological zones in Punjab. They were identified morphologically and...