Satellite observations reveal that vegetation in permafrost regions has continued to green while its resilience declined after 2008, alongside atmospheric drying and increased variability in carbon up...

Researchers from Chongqing University and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University revealed how eggshell membranes (ESMs) promote rapid biomineralization via shared interfacial features. Inspired by this, they designed a biomimetic fibrous membrane (b-FM) with superior crystallization-inducing capacity. In a 30-day cooling-water test, the b-FM achieved low-energy water softening and suppressed pipe scaling, offering a sustainable industrial water-treatment strategy.

A study shows an emergent constraint on the Amazon carbon cycle response to climate change. The CMIP6 ESMs that overestimate past global temperature trends, tend to project hotter, drier conditions an...

90 likes, 4 comments - _cidicamilla on May 5, 2023: "📍Torre Fara - Chiavari • 21x29~33x48📐 2023 ✨ DISPONIBILE❗️ • • #hopaesaggiintesta #liguria #chiavari #coloniafara #torrefara #simbolo #hotelt...

Here, we analyse the implications of the slowly evolving Earth system components on ENSO and ZTG by first using the ZECMIP tier-1 experiment. Nine ESMs simulate branching from the 1% CO2 (1pctCO2) transient run with CO2 emissions set to zero at the point of 1000PgC of cumulative emissions (brch-1000PgC; Fig. 1a), leading to a stabilisation of global mean surface temperature (GMST) at about 2 ∘C above pre-industrial (Fig. 1c) with some inter-model differences (Supplementary Fig. S1). The changes in ENSO amplitude in the transient 1pctCO2 run are highly model dependent and non-monotonic (Supplementary Fig. S2). Seven out of nine models suggest an ENSO amplification in the 1pctCO2 transient run, while others show non-significant changes (Supplementary Fig. S2). The multimodel median response indicates a slight increase in ENSO amplitude (Fig. 2a, b). Post-emission cessation, in the branching run, six out of nine models and the ensemble median shows a persistence of elevated ENSO amplitude (Supplementary Fig. S2 and Fig. 2a, b). Post cessation, even though the multimodel median shifts to a higher ENSO amplitude above pre-industrial levels, the 30-year rolling time series remains non-monotonic. Since the post-cessation ZECMIP branching runs are quite short, it is hard to isolate the forced changes...

Outputs from complex Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are a major source of information for polic...

Abstract In the context of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, most climate simulations use prescribed atmospheric CO2 concentration and therefore do not interactively include the effect of carbon cycle feedbacks. However, the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario has additionally been run by earth system models with prescribed CO2 emissions. This paper analyzes the climate projections of 11 earth system models (ESMs) that performed both emission-driven and concentration-driven RCP8.5 simulations. When forced by RCP8.5 CO2 emissions, models simulate a large spread in atmospheric CO2; the simulated 2100 concentrations range between 795 and 1145 ppm. Seven out of the 11 ESMs simulate a larger CO2 (on average by 44 ppm, 985 ± 97 ppm by 2100) and hence higher radiative forcing (by 0.25 W m−2) when driven by CO2 emissions than for the concentration-driven scenarios (941 ppm). However, most of these models already overestimate the present-day CO2, with the present-day biases reasonably well correlated with future atmospheric concentrations’ departure from the prescribed concentration. The uncertainty in CO2 projections is mainly attributable to uncertainties in the response of the land carbon cycle. As a result of simulated higher CO2 concentrations than in the concentration-driven simulations, temperature projections are generally higher when ESMs are driven with CO2 emissions. Global surface temperature change by 2100 (relative to present day) increased by 3.9° ± 0.9°C for the emission-driven simulations compared to 3.7° ± 0.7°C in the concentration-driven simulations. Although the lower ends are comparable in both sets of simulations, the highest climate projections are significantly warmer in the emission-driven simulations because of stronger carbon cycle feedbacks.