4000 years before Harappa existed, Bhirrana was already thriving. Your textbook skipped that part. Radiocarbon dating puts Bhirrana at 7570 BCE. Harappa shows up around 3300 BCE. That's a 4000+…

It is ironic that what is possibly one of the most spectacular examples of Indus craftsmanship and artistry was found not at Mohenjo-daro or Harappa, or even in the subcontinent, but in ancient Mesopo...

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Four thousand five hundred years ago, a stone of deep blue crossed the known world. Quarried in the mountains of Badakhshan — in what is now north-eastern Afghanistan, beyond the Hindu Kush — it travelled two thousand five hundred kilometres through passes, deserts and rivers to reach the workshops of the great cities of the Seven Rivers Civilisation. It then adorned the necks and wrists of the inhabitants of Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa and Lothal.

Günümüzden yaklaşık 4.000 yıl önce, dünyanın en eski uygarlıklarından biri ortaya çıktı: Bugün Pakistan, batı Hindistan, doğu İran ve Afganistan'ın bazı bölgelerini kapsayan topraklarda gelişen İndus Vadisi Uygarlığı. Büyük şehirler inşa etmenin yanı sıra bu halk, günümüzde hâlâ deşifre edilememiş yüzlerce işaretten oluşan yazılı bir sistem de yarattı. Bazen Harappa yazısı (İng: "Harappan script") olarak da adlandırılan bu işaretler oldukça çeşitlidir; bazıları köşesinde bir kare bulunan bir elmasa, bazıları her iki ucunda üç "parmak" olan bir U harfine, bazıları ise içinde yıldız benzeri bir şekil barındıran bir ovale benzer.

SAHIWAL: District Police Officer (DPO) Usman Tipu suspended nine policemen of the Harappa Police Station after they gave Station House Officer (SHO) Majid Ashfaq a warm sendoff and showered him with rose petals after he was suspended from service by the DPO for faulty investigation, receiving bribes and misuse of authority in a sexual assault case. SHO Majid Ashfaq was suspended on Aug 27 but the following day, his colleagues organised a farewell reception in his honour on police station premises. A mobile video of the event went viral, prompting the DPO to take action. “Police are a disciplined and self-accountable force. No one will be allowed to glorify unprofessional attitude or defiance of a superior’s orders through such bizarre actions,” Mr Tipu told _Dawn_. Those suspended for participating in the reception include Sub Inspector Imran, ASIs Khalid Naeem, Gulzar Ahmed and Nadeem Iqbal, head constables Naeem Khan and Nisar Ahmed and constables Mudasir Liaqat, Mubashir Pervaiz and Muhammad Akhter. It is said only the female constable was spared who did not participate in farewell reception. The suspension order (Dawn has a copy) says, “They (officials) were suspended on account of inefficiency, undisciplined act and unbecoming of a member of a disciplined force”. The case at the centre of the controversy dates back to four years when a woman, a resident of Harappa, was allegedly lured by her former male friend who had previously trapped her during her stay in Lahore with promises of marriage but later blackmailed her with explicit videos. The woman had shifted to Lahore for preparation of her competitive exam. Later, she moved back to Harappa and had an arranged marriage in Chak 56/GD Modain. After her marriage, the suspect continued blackmailing her, extorting Rs1.5m in gold ornaments, Rs40,000 cash and daily expenses for his car. On Aug 19, the suspect allegedly attempted to sexually assault her near Sahiwal Bypass. Her husband intervened and apprehended him. The suspect was handed over to Harappa Police and a case was registered under rape charges on Aug 21. However, during investigation, SHO Majid Ashfaq allegedly accepted bribe to save the suspect. The matter was reported to the DPO by the victim’s family. A reinvestigation also confirmed irregularities in the investigation and misuse of authority by the SHO while the suspect himself confessed that a large sum had been paid to the SHO to secure leniency. Following these findings, the DPO ordered Majid Ashfaq’s suspension and launched a departmental inquiry. _Published in Dawn, August 30th, 2026_

Hace 2.000 años, en la región del Caribe colombiano de La Mojana, la cultura zenú construyó una enorme red de canales y montículos de tierra que se ven desde...

No palace, no state temple — but sewers, ritual baths and children's toys: what a century of excavations reveals about the 7 Rivers civilization

Pas de palais, pas de temple d'État, mais des égouts, des bains rituels et des jouets d'enfants : ce que cent ans de fouilles révèlent de la civilisation des 7 Rivières.

A review of Early Indians exploring South Asia's shared ancestry through genetics, archaeology, and migration history.