A diet–microbiome–host axis strengthens mucosal immune defences and reinforces host–microbiota mutualism.

Nature Microbiology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41564-026-02482-5This platform identifies phages capable of infecting specific bacterial strains using genome sequences alone and could enable rational phage-therapy design and precision microbiome engineering.

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Nature Metabolism, Published online: 21 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01614-9In the prospective, multicentre TEDDY study, distinct patterns of gut microbiome maturation are associated with differential risk of type 1 diabetes, with host genetics modifying the strength of this association.

Chemosynthetic bacteria have been documented in various marine environments and in association with invertebrate hosts such as annelid worms and mollusks, but their presence in fish appears to be a ne...

The human microbiome, a diverse and dynamic community of microorganisms, plays fundamental roles in regulating host health by supporting digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune regulation. Disruptions in this microbial balance, refer to as dysbiosis can arise from factors such as dietary patterns, psychological stress, diseases states and use of medications, particularly antibiotics. Such dysbiosis have been associated with a wide range of conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as systemic and neuropsychological complications.

Paragonimiasis, a food-borne zoonosis caused by Paragonimus spp., can cause severe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. However, relationships among the host, parasite and lung microbiome at define...

In the urogenital tract, dominant lactobacilli shape vaginal immunity and community stability. In this review, Dillen and Dricot et al. integrate clinical and mechanistic evidence on their molecular s...

In the prospective, multicentre TEDDY study, distinct patterns of gut microbiome maturation are associated with differential risk of type 1 diabetes, with host genetics modifying the strength of this ...

Plants shape the structure, composition, and function of their associated microbial communities through genetically regulated traits, including physical barr...

Read the full paper: Microbiome-host communication via vaccenic acid modulates LRH-1/NR5A2 activity and ameliorates metabolic liver disease

Pocillopora verrucosa corals were inoculated with a bacterial pathogen and/or a coral probiotic, then subjected to heat stress. Pathogen inoculation induced epigenetic and gene expression changes that...

Periodontal homeostasis is maintained by coordinated interactions between the oral microbiome and host. Dysbiosis disrupts this ecological balance and contributes to periodontal disease, whereas mult...

Microbiome-based therapeutics to treat enteric bacterial infections requires stable engraftment of transplanted beneficial bacteria that target and eliminate the pathogen. The host factors that determ...

Following children's gut bacteria through their first years of life revealed distinct developmental paths, offering new clues about how microbial maturation and genetics may intersect before type 1 diabetes emerges. Study: Gut microbiome maturation in early childhood interacts with host genetics to predict type 1 diabetes risk. Image Credit: Image Point Fr / Shutterstock A recent study published in the journal Nature Metabolism found that patterns of gut microbiome maturation in early life were associated with later type 1 diabetes (T1D)-related outcomes, while host genetics modified the association for one maturation pattern. Background T1D is a medical condition affecting approximately 8.5 million individuals worldwide, 1.5 million of whom are under 20 years old. It is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells. This leads to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia, requiring lifelong insulin therapy. T1D develops in response to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in early life. This period is also notable for the development of the gut microbiome, which is influenced by immune, dietary, and physiological factors and, in turn, influences them. The gut microbiome in infancy changes dramatically, both through exposures to the external environment and via immunological interactions. It is key to the development...

Humans and their associated microbes form a multifaceted ecosystem. Gaining mechanistic insight into this system necessitates reductionist models integrating ecological and immunological dimensions...