Virgil’s Aeneid Book 1, 8-22 continues the introduction to his epic masterpiece about the hero Aeneas and the founding of Rome. #vergil #aeneid #latinpoetry ...

In lines 23-33 of Aeneid Book 1 we learn more about the reasons for Juno’s hatred of the Trojans. #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation #aeneid metuēns: fearing, ...

Horace’s Ode 4.7, praised by A. E. Housman as "the most beautiful poem in Latin literature", continues his “carpe diem” theme. He reminds his friend Torquatus of how ephemeral everything is; he should use his resources now to benefit himself and those dear to him. #horace #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation nivēs: the snows diffūgēre = diffugerunt: have fled, scattered iam: now, already grāmina: the grass(es), plants; neut. pl redeunt: are coming back, returning campīs: to the fields, plains comae: the hair, foliage, leaves arboribus: to the trees terra: the earth, Earth mūtat: is changing, changes, alters vicēs: its (her) changes, stages, seasons, alternate successions flūmina: the rivers dēcrescentia: decreasing, diminishing, becoming less full praetereunt: go by, flow by (don’t overflow) rīpās: (their) banks Grātia: the Grace, the three Graces are the goddesses of beauty, grace, and charm, Aglaia, Euphrosune, and Thalia. nymphīs: her nymphs, demi-goddesses that inhabit rivers, woods, mountains geminīs: twin; referring to the other two graces sorōribus: sisters audet: dares dūcere: to lead chorōs: dances, dances in a ring, choral dances nūda: nude, naked; she is naked because of the warm weather annus: the year, the changing cycle of the year hōra: the hour quae: which rapit: abducts, snatches, drags away, carries off almum: the nourishing, giving nourishment diem: (the) day, daylight; the hours steal away the daylight and the days monet: warns, reminds nē: that….not, not to spērēs: that you should not hope for, expect; the “you” Horace is addressing can be the reader, or his friend Torquatus, addressed later in the poem inmortālia = immortalia: things (to be) immortal, immortal things, undying Frīgora: the cold times, cold mītēscunt: become mild, are softened Zephyrīs: by the gentle west winds, western breezes aestās: summer prōterit: treads under foot, tramples down, crushes vēr: spring (aestas) interitūra: (itself, summer) going to disappear, about to die simul: as soon as, when pōmifer: fruit-bearing, fruit-bringing effūderit: will have poured out, sent out frūgēs: its fruits, produce mox: soon brūma = brevissima (the shortest day) = the winter solstice = winter, winter cold recurrit: runs back, hastens back, returns iners: inactive, sluggish, indolent, lifeless tamen: nevertheless, however, still celerēs: the swift lūnae: moons, the moon’s monthly cycles reparant: recover, renew, restore caelestia: their/the celestial, heavenly damna: losses, injuries, refers to the waning of the moon nōs: we, as for us, in contrast to “lunae” ubi: when dēcidimus: we fall down, have fallen down, sink down quō: where, to where Aenēās: Trojan son of Venus and Anchises dīves: the wealthy, rich Tullus: Tullus Hostilius, 3rd king of Rome, famous for his wealth Ancus: Ancus Martius, 4th king of Rome pulvis: dust umbra: shadow, a shade, a ghost of a dead person Quis: who? scit: knows an: whether dī = dei: the gods superī: above, of the upper world, as opposed to Hades adiciant: may add, will/might add, increase summae: to the sum, total hodiernae: of today, today’s tempora: times crāstina: of tomorrow Cūncta: all things, everything quae: which dederīs: you will have given, you have given animō: to a soul, heart amīcō: friendly, dear, loving, of a friend; sometimes interpreted as “to your own dear soul” fugient: will escape avidās: the greedy, eager manūs: hands hērēdis: of (your) heir Cum: when semel: once occiderīs: you (will) have gone down, perished, died, passed away; Certainly an allusion to Catullus 5: “nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda.” dē: concerning Mīnōs: king of Crete; after death a judge in the underworld fēcerit: will have made splendida: noble, illustrious; splendid arbitria: judgements, decisions nōn: very emph. repeated 3 times. Torquāte: Manlius Torquatus, orator and noble friend of Horace genus: family, noble birth fācundia: eloquence restituet: will restore, revive pietās: dutiful conduct, devotion to the gods, family and country, piety enim: for, even, indeed neque: neither Dīāna: goddess of light, the moon, and the hunt līberat: frees, sets free, liberates, does she free īnfernīs: from the infernal, of Hades tenebrīs: darkness, the darkness of death pudīcum: chaste, virtuous, pure Hippolytum: Hippolytus, son of Theseus, chase and devoted to Diana. His stepmother Phaedra fell in love with him, which led his eventual death Thēseūs: king of Athens, descended into Hades to help Pirithous carry away Proserpina valet: does T. have the strength, is able abrumpere: to sever, tear asunder Lēthaea: the Lethean, of Lethe, river of forgetfulness in Hades vincula: chains, shackles cārō: from (his) dear, beloved Pīrithoō: (from) Pirithous, king of the Lapiths and best friend of Theseus, chained in Hades for trying to carry off Proserpina, wife of Pluto

In lines 23-33 of Aeneid Book 1 we learn more about the reasons for Juno’s hatred of the Trojans. #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation #aeneid metuēns: fearing, ...

Virgil’s Aeneid Book 1, 8-22 continues the introduction to his epic masterpiece about the hero Aeneas and the founding of Rome. #vergil #aeneid #latinpoetry ...

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