Here, we aimed to deepen our understanding of the integration between root and shoot signaling during early nodulation by jointly analyzing proteome-level dy...

This review explores carbon allocation and metabolism during legume nodulation, highlighting single-cell and spatial omics as emerging approaches to study

Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps confer multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and are critical for many physiological functions including virulence and biofilm formation. The...

In Gram-negative bacteria, multi-subunit efflux pumps transport molecules across the inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane to the extracellular environment. These efflux pumps include the Resi...

Background Enhancing plant immunity often improves resistance to pathogens, yet its consequences for beneficial symbionts remain underexplored. Here, we assessed the effects of disrupting GmLOPP, a soybean type 2 C protein phosphatase, on both immune activation and rhizobial symbiosis. Results Loss-of-function Gmlopp mutants displayed enhanced resistance against both bacterial blight and pustule disease. Upon treatment with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), major components of the bacterial outer membrane, these mutants showed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and upregulated expression of GmOXI1 and GmWRKY33. Importantly, Gmlopp plants exhibited no detectable trade-offs in growth or nodulation compared with the wild type. Conclusion Collectively, our findings establish that GmLOPP knockout confers disease resistance without compromising rhizobial symbiosis, highlighting its potential as a gene-editing target for soybean breeding.

Rhizobium-legume nodulation: life together in the underground

In this study, we expanded the understanding of cytokinin (CK) perception in legumes by generating and characterizing novel pea cytokinin receptor mutants ca...

Bacterial flagellin-activated immunity plays a crucial role in shaping plant-microbe interactions, leading to either parasitism, mutualism, or commensalism. In the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, while i....

A gene identified more than 30 years ago has now revealed its role as a natural microRNA (miRNA) sponge to fine-tune the legume nodulation pathway. Researchers have discovered that ENOD40 sequesters a...

SUMMARYEarly in evolution, cells acquired the ability to use energy to export waste and toxic products against a concentration gradient. In Gram-negative bacteria, the resistance-nodulation-cell divis...

Rhizobial symbiosis, a crucial source of nitrogen for legume hosts, is thought to have evolved from mycorrhizal symbiosis. Both symbioses share a common symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP) in plants. One hypothesis is that the lack of nodulation-specific genes in the genome of mycorrhizal symbiotic plants limits their ability to establish rhizobial interactions. Here, we introduced nine key genes in nodulation pathway, including NFR1, NFR5, SYMRK, CCaMK, CYCLOPS, NSP1, NSP2, LHK1, and NIN) from Lotus japonicus, into rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Zhonghua 11) to create Nodulation Signaling Pathway Overexpression (NSPO) rice. Analysis of gene expression showed that NFR5 and CCaMK were robustly transcribed in transgenic rice roots determined by qPCR. SYMRK, CYCLOPS, NSP2, and NFR1 showed relatively low transcript abundance, while transcripts of NIN, NSP1, and LHK1 were not detected. NSPO rice did not exhibit enhanced rhizobial colonization at the roots but increased formation of 2,4-D-induced nodule-like structures at the ratoon roots compared to the wild type. Remarkably, field trials demonstrated higher grain yield in NSPO rice, despite a slight reduction in seed-setting rate. Additionally, the expression of immune-related transcription factor genes was downregulated in NSPO rice. These findings suggest that heterologous expression of nodulation-related genes can promote rhizobial interaction and improve agronomic traits, such as yield in non-leguminous crops.

Teyssendier de la Serve et al. identify a novel symbiotic response induced by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia on host plant roots, corresponding to a stele diameter enlargement. This response requires a TDIF...