Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 09 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01037-0Removal of defective or excessive proteins and organelles is controlled by the ubiquitin–proteasome system and by autophagy pathways. This Review discusses the interplay between these degradation processes in response to physiological demands and cellular stresses and their pathological relevance.

The stiffness of the extracellular matrix is identified as a pivotal factor that influences activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo.

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 09 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01037-0Removal of defective or excessive proteins and organelles is controlled by the ubiquitin–proteasome system and by autophagy pathways. This Review discusses the interplay between these degradation processes in response to physiological demands and cellular stresses and their pathological relevance.

Removal of defective or excessive proteins and organelles is controlled by the ubiquitin–proteasome system and by autophagy pathways. This Review discusses the interplay between these degradation proc...

The pathophysiological relevance of cuproptosis has recently been demonstrated. In a study published in Cell, Wu et al. now identified myosin heavy-chain 9 (MYH9) as a critical molecule that oligomerizes in the presence of copper ions and causes the loss of plasma membrane integrity.

Migraine is the most common neurological disorder, which after stroke confers the greatest neurological disability in the working population. As with other disorders of brain function, pathophysiological processes are more difficult to delineate, notwithstanding the biological...

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Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 09 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01318-wAstrocytes are involved in the neuroendocrine control of metabolism and their known spectrum of actions continues to expand. In this Review, the authors discuss the roles of astrocytes in pathophysiological processes associated with poor nutrition and obesity, their roles in the physiological control of energy homeostasis and in circadian rhythms, and their potential as a therapeutic target in obesity treatments.

Abstract. An unremitting increase in lung vascular permeability is the pathophysiological hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI) and drives both severity and

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 09 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01318-wAstrocytes are involved in the neuroendocrine control of metabolism and their known spectrum of actions continues to expand. In this Review, the authors discuss the roles of astrocytes in pathophysiological processes associated with poor nutrition and obesity, their roles in the physiological control of energy homeostasis and in circadian rhythms, and their potential as a therapeutic target in obesity treatments.

Faghy et al., review the current literature on Long COVID pathophysiology, linking immune dysregulation, viral persistence, and vascular injury to enduring symptoms. They highlight evidence to guide f...

Background: There is emerging evidence suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms between cataracts and cardiovascular disease (CVD), indicating a potential link between these 2 prevalent noncommunicable diseases. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and the body’s antioxidant defenses, contributes to lens protein aggregation in cataracts and lipid oxidation in atherosclerosis, a key feature of several CVD subtypes. This shared pathophysiology implies that systemic vascular health may influence cataractogenesis. However, the epidemiological evidence supporting this relationship remains inconclusive. Objective: The main objective of this systematic review is to synthesize existing evidence on the odds or risk of developing cataracts in adults with underlying CVD. Methods: This systematic review will adhere to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses #Protocols). Using the population, exposure, comparator, and outcome framework, this review will identify the association between established CVD and the risk of cataract development or needing cataract surgery. Systematic literature searches will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using MeSH terms from database inception to December 31, 2024. Original #Research articles involving adults (aged ≥18 years) that assess the statistical relationship between CVD and cataracts will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen studies, extract data, and appraise the studies’ quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. If deemed feasible, meta-analyses will be conducted using random-effects models to calculate pooled effect estimates, with heterogeneity assessed using the statistic. Results: This #Study did not receive any external funding. The literature search, #Study screening, and data extraction will be conducted in 2026, and data analysis will be performed accordingly. The findings are anticipated to be published in 2027. Conclusions: This systematic review will provide a consolidated and up-to-date evaluation of the relationship between CVD and cataracts. The findings will highlight the potential importance of integrating cardiovascular risk assessment into routine ophthalmologic care. Continued refinement of #Study methodologies and standardization of outcome measures may be needed to address observed heterogeneity and strengthen future evidence, ultimately supporting more holistic management of patients with coexisting cardiovascular and ocular conditions. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42025629907; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025629907 and Ministry of Health Malaysia National Medical #Research Register NMRR ID-24-03414-99G; https://nmrr.gov.my/#Research-directory/e21e931c-de4d-4076-abae-eb4f798b4b43 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/96552

Background Individuals with hypertension face a substantial residual risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), yet current clinical risk models often fail to capture the complex pathophysiological heterogeneity and sex differences within this population. This study leveraged large-scale proteomic data to develop sex-stratified protein risk scores for improving 10-year MACE prediction in individuals with hypertension. Methods We included 27,510 hypertensive participants from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) who underwent baseline plasma proteomic profiling. In the...

Background In Parkinson's disease, motor dysfunction largely reflects dopamine-dependent pathophysiological alterations and compensatory mechanisms that progress over time and are partially reversib.....