Lincoln S. Smith, PhD
@edjunto.bsky.social
Teacher | Researcher | EdTech Coach | Teacher Educator
President CAARE-ACRAÉ (caare-acrae.ca)
President CAARE-ACRAÉ (caare-acrae.ca)
CTRL theory of Youth–AI dependency: cognitive trust ➡️ reliance ➡️ learning erosion
A three-stage progression:
1 repeated chatbot use fosters higher trust
2 this trust reduces independent verification
3 this weakens critical thinking & academic autonomy
The call? Cultivate "ethical vigilance."
A three-stage progression:
1 repeated chatbot use fosters higher trust
2 this trust reduces independent verification
3 this weakens critical thinking & academic autonomy
The call? Cultivate "ethical vigilance."
March 13, 2026 at 4:12 PM
CTRL theory of Youth–AI dependency: cognitive trust ➡️ reliance ➡️ learning erosion
A three-stage progression:
1 repeated chatbot use fosters higher trust
2 this trust reduces independent verification
3 this weakens critical thinking & academic autonomy
The call? Cultivate "ethical vigilance."
A three-stage progression:
1 repeated chatbot use fosters higher trust
2 this trust reduces independent verification
3 this weakens critical thinking & academic autonomy
The call? Cultivate "ethical vigilance."
"Pedagogy first, technology second." (True for all #edtech, not just #AI!) We don't just need to understand AI, we need to understand how AI can work/not work as a pedagogical tool.
How? As #teachers, we need to experiment, analyze, & share with each other!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
How? As #teachers, we need to experiment, analyze, & share with each other!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
March 12, 2026 at 4:39 PM
"Pedagogy first, technology second." (True for all #edtech, not just #AI!) We don't just need to understand AI, we need to understand how AI can work/not work as a pedagogical tool.
How? As #teachers, we need to experiment, analyze, & share with each other!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
How? As #teachers, we need to experiment, analyze, & share with each other!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
A predictable predicament with #AI! I ❤️ two things about this analysis:
1️⃣ The emphasis on grounding everything in the human. What would it be like if we were always authentically human-first?
2️⃣ The emphasis on thinking rhythmically. How fast? What beat? When do we pause?
hbr.org/2026/02/ai-d...
1️⃣ The emphasis on grounding everything in the human. What would it be like if we were always authentically human-first?
2️⃣ The emphasis on thinking rhythmically. How fast? What beat? When do we pause?
hbr.org/2026/02/ai-d...
AI Doesn’t Reduce Work—It Intensifies It
One of the promises of AI is that it can reduce workloads so employees can focus more on higher-value and more engaging tasks. But according to new research, AI tools don’t reduce work, they consisten...
hbr.org
February 20, 2026 at 2:35 PM
A predictable predicament with #AI! I ❤️ two things about this analysis:
1️⃣ The emphasis on grounding everything in the human. What would it be like if we were always authentically human-first?
2️⃣ The emphasis on thinking rhythmically. How fast? What beat? When do we pause?
hbr.org/2026/02/ai-d...
1️⃣ The emphasis on grounding everything in the human. What would it be like if we were always authentically human-first?
2️⃣ The emphasis on thinking rhythmically. How fast? What beat? When do we pause?
hbr.org/2026/02/ai-d...
Listening to Yong Zhao talk about #problemfinding as an integral skill to develop in our students. Part of our need as educators to abandon the myth of "meritocracy" and embrace diversity and human interdependence.
How could this change the #schoolsystem?
journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10....
How could this change the #schoolsystem?
journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10....
From Meritocracy to Human Interdependence: Redefining the Purpose of Education - Yong Zhao (赵勇), Ruojun Zhong (仲若君), 2025
Purpose This paper critiques meritocracy's foundational assumptions, arguing that its focus on ranking individuals according to flawed metrics fosters unhe...
journals.sagepub.com
February 14, 2026 at 1:48 AM
Listening to Yong Zhao talk about #problemfinding as an integral skill to develop in our students. Part of our need as educators to abandon the myth of "meritocracy" and embrace diversity and human interdependence.
How could this change the #schoolsystem?
journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10....
How could this change the #schoolsystem?
journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10....
💡 we need judgement in this agentic era. This must be attended to and cultivated!
"The capacity to judge well is not something humans are born with. It is built through the slow, often frustrating process of making things badly until you learn to make them well."
open.substack.com/pub/hybridho...
"The capacity to judge well is not something humans are born with. It is built through the slow, often frustrating process of making things badly until you learn to make them well."
open.substack.com/pub/hybridho...
Attention Is All You Need
When machines learned to think, human attention became key
open.substack.com
February 13, 2026 at 4:09 PM
💡 we need judgement in this agentic era. This must be attended to and cultivated!
"The capacity to judge well is not something humans are born with. It is built through the slow, often frustrating process of making things badly until you learn to make them well."
open.substack.com/pub/hybridho...
"The capacity to judge well is not something humans are born with. It is built through the slow, often frustrating process of making things badly until you learn to make them well."
open.substack.com/pub/hybridho...
“In [state-initiated PD], the crucial initial stage, grounding the process in teachers’ own identified needs, is absent.” / “In this study, what counts as value is based on the participants’ experiences.”
Another example of the power of #ActionResearch!
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
Another example of the power of #ActionResearch!
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
Value creation through teacher–researcher collaboration in action research: engagement, agency and knowledge co-production
This study is part of a larger action research (AR) project aimed at improving students’ engagement with fiction and reading skills in Swedish and Swedish as a second language. In this paper, a the...
www.tandfonline.com
December 19, 2025 at 3:42 PM
“In [state-initiated PD], the crucial initial stage, grounding the process in teachers’ own identified needs, is absent.” / “In this study, what counts as value is based on the participants’ experiences.”
Another example of the power of #ActionResearch!
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
Another example of the power of #ActionResearch!
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
“The real challenge, then, is not to ask what #AI can do in schools, but to ask what it should do, and why."
👇
Purpose-first decision making
Contextual and cultural grounding
#Teacheragency and #professionaldevelopment
Safeguarding learners’ cognitive development
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...
👇
Purpose-first decision making
Contextual and cultural grounding
#Teacheragency and #professionaldevelopment
Safeguarding learners’ cognitive development
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...
December 15, 2025 at 5:42 PM
“The real challenge, then, is not to ask what #AI can do in schools, but to ask what it should do, and why."
👇
Purpose-first decision making
Contextual and cultural grounding
#Teacheragency and #professionaldevelopment
Safeguarding learners’ cognitive development
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...
👇
Purpose-first decision making
Contextual and cultural grounding
#Teacheragency and #professionaldevelopment
Safeguarding learners’ cognitive development
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...
How do we use #AI #LLM tools effectively if we are not first aware of what "effective" means?
"students simply have limited metacognitive knowledge about what is in fact helpful for their own learning"
Seems like #AILiteracy requires #LearningLiteracy?
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
"students simply have limited metacognitive knowledge about what is in fact helpful for their own learning"
Seems like #AILiteracy requires #LearningLiteracy?
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
Effects of LLM Use and Note-Taking On Reading Comprehension and Memory: A Randomised Experiment in Secondary Schools
The rapid uptake of Generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), by students raises urgent questions about their effects on learning. We compared t
papers.ssrn.com
December 12, 2025 at 2:36 PM
How do we use #AI #LLM tools effectively if we are not first aware of what "effective" means?
"students simply have limited metacognitive knowledge about what is in fact helpful for their own learning"
Seems like #AILiteracy requires #LearningLiteracy?
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
"students simply have limited metacognitive knowledge about what is in fact helpful for their own learning"
Seems like #AILiteracy requires #LearningLiteracy?
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
💡! This resonates with our own findings about the #productivestruggle required in #learning.
"when five core “productive frictions” are eliminated from that infrastructure, we strip away the very forces that keep communities strong, productive and together."
theconversation.com/the-price-of...
"when five core “productive frictions” are eliminated from that infrastructure, we strip away the very forces that keep communities strong, productive and together."
theconversation.com/the-price-of...
The price of belonging is inconvenience. Are we still willing to pay it?
Every time we choose people over convenience, we invest in community. The real question in our homes, workplaces and democracies is whether we are willing to pay that price.
theconversation.com
December 11, 2025 at 2:13 PM
💡! This resonates with our own findings about the #productivestruggle required in #learning.
"when five core “productive frictions” are eliminated from that infrastructure, we strip away the very forces that keep communities strong, productive and together."
theconversation.com/the-price-of...
"when five core “productive frictions” are eliminated from that infrastructure, we strip away the very forces that keep communities strong, productive and together."
theconversation.com/the-price-of...
How do we mitigate the epistemological mono-cropping of the #ArtificialHivemind?
There is a "pronounced Artificial Hivemind effect in open-ended generation of LMs, characterized by (1) intra-model repetition, ... and more so (2) inter-model homogeneity ..."
openreview.net/forum?id=saD...
There is a "pronounced Artificial Hivemind effect in open-ended generation of LMs, characterized by (1) intra-model repetition, ... and more so (2) inter-model homogeneity ..."
openreview.net/forum?id=saD...
Artificial Hivemind: The Open-Ended Homogeneity of Language Models...
Large language models (LMs) often struggle to generate diverse, human-like creative content, raising concerns about the long-term homogenization of human thought through repeated exposure to...
openreview.net
December 9, 2025 at 1:37 PM
How do we mitigate the epistemological mono-cropping of the #ArtificialHivemind?
There is a "pronounced Artificial Hivemind effect in open-ended generation of LMs, characterized by (1) intra-model repetition, ... and more so (2) inter-model homogeneity ..."
openreview.net/forum?id=saD...
There is a "pronounced Artificial Hivemind effect in open-ended generation of LMs, characterized by (1) intra-model repetition, ... and more so (2) inter-model homogeneity ..."
openreview.net/forum?id=saD...
My colleague, Ms. Boon, said something simple but with profound implications: In order of us to help our students become conscious of something, WE have to be conscious of it first. Only then can we guide student learning through conscious and explicit design.
December 8, 2025 at 7:11 PM
My colleague, Ms. Boon, said something simple but with profound implications: In order of us to help our students become conscious of something, WE have to be conscious of it first. Only then can we guide student learning through conscious and explicit design.
"If we want AI that includes everyone, we need to question the data that powers it"
This is such an integral, urgent, but complex issue. Not only who controls and accesses what data, but how is that data processed, interpreted, and disseminated?
www.utoronto.ca/news/how-sho...
This is such an integral, urgent, but complex issue. Not only who controls and accesses what data, but how is that data processed, interpreted, and disseminated?
www.utoronto.ca/news/how-sho...
How should we live with AI? 3 insights from researchers, scholars and artists
Humanities scholars, artists, authors and computer scientists recently came together at the University of Toronto to explore how artificial intelligence will impact society.
www.utoronto.ca
December 2, 2025 at 3:49 PM
"If we want AI that includes everyone, we need to question the data that powers it"
This is such an integral, urgent, but complex issue. Not only who controls and accesses what data, but how is that data processed, interpreted, and disseminated?
www.utoronto.ca/news/how-sho...
This is such an integral, urgent, but complex issue. Not only who controls and accesses what data, but how is that data processed, interpreted, and disseminated?
www.utoronto.ca/news/how-sho...
❤️ "AI is not neutral," "AI is impersonal," and, most of all: "Nothing matters more than nurturing your human agency."
open.substack.com/pub/erichuds...
open.substack.com/pub/erichuds...
Nine AI Messages for Students
What I hope they consider when making decisions about using AI
open.substack.com
December 2, 2025 at 3:39 PM
❤️ "AI is not neutral," "AI is impersonal," and, most of all: "Nothing matters more than nurturing your human agency."
open.substack.com/pub/erichuds...
open.substack.com/pub/erichuds...
I agree with @jonathanhaidt.bsky.social on this: "Those three terms — distraction, disconnection, and the erosion of meaning — summarize the Devil’s project. In order to defend young people, we need technology in childhood to promote the opposite: #focus, #connection, and #meaning."
bit.ly/4ov7t8u
bit.ly/4ov7t8u
The Devil’s Plan to Ruin the Next Generation
I asked ChatGPT how it would destroy America’s youth. Its answers were unsettling — and all too familiar.
bit.ly
December 1, 2025 at 2:44 PM
I agree with @jonathanhaidt.bsky.social on this: "Those three terms — distraction, disconnection, and the erosion of meaning — summarize the Devil’s project. In order to defend young people, we need technology in childhood to promote the opposite: #focus, #connection, and #meaning."
bit.ly/4ov7t8u
bit.ly/4ov7t8u
Love this from @leonfurze.com! "“It’s good enough” and “it’s better than me” represent two of the biggest problems with GenAI in education," problems that stem (in part) from systemic challenges to our "understanding of why we learn and create." We must clarify purpose!
leonfurze.com/2025/11/24/g...
leonfurze.com/2025/11/24/g...
Good Enough and Better Than Me: Two Problematic Student Perspectives on Gen AI
For the past few months, I've been visiting schools and hearing from students about why and how they're using (or refusing) generative artificial intelligence. In this article, I'm talking about two o...
leonfurze.com
December 1, 2025 at 2:27 PM
Love this from @leonfurze.com! "“It’s good enough” and “it’s better than me” represent two of the biggest problems with GenAI in education," problems that stem (in part) from systemic challenges to our "understanding of why we learn and create." We must clarify purpose!
leonfurze.com/2025/11/24/g...
leonfurze.com/2025/11/24/g...
An emerging priority for #edcuators: How does #AI in #K12 educational contexts impact student #metacognition and #self-regulatedlearning #SRL?
This recent study identifies positive potential. AI use increased SRL by serving students' need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
bit.ly/4rG6x46
This recent study identifies positive potential. AI use increased SRL by serving students' need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
bit.ly/4rG6x46
November 28, 2025 at 5:55 PM
An emerging priority for #edcuators: How does #AI in #K12 educational contexts impact student #metacognition and #self-regulatedlearning #SRL?
This recent study identifies positive potential. AI use increased SRL by serving students' need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
bit.ly/4rG6x46
This recent study identifies positive potential. AI use increased SRL by serving students' need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
bit.ly/4rG6x46
“Who made the world?” asked @theaieducator.io's son. ChatGPT can't answer (yet?) But it makes me wonder - what questions do we not WANT AI to answer, whether it can or not? That is, what questions are sacred to our own becoming, as individuals and as a species?
preview.mailerlite.io/emails/webvi...
preview.mailerlite.io/emails/webvi...
My Son Asked A Question ChatGPT Couldn’t Answer
preview.mailerlite.io
September 21, 2025 at 3:28 PM
“Who made the world?” asked @theaieducator.io's son. ChatGPT can't answer (yet?) But it makes me wonder - what questions do we not WANT AI to answer, whether it can or not? That is, what questions are sacred to our own becoming, as individuals and as a species?
preview.mailerlite.io/emails/webvi...
preview.mailerlite.io/emails/webvi...
Exciting and profound things happen when we create hashtag#neurodiversity-affirming spaces! Always love presenting with @drkaradymond.bsky.social and Kathy Broad at #CSSE on our ongoing work exploring and experimenting with accessible pedagogy.
Small changes can make a big difference!
Small changes can make a big difference!
June 2, 2025 at 6:29 PM
Exciting and profound things happen when we create hashtag#neurodiversity-affirming spaces! Always love presenting with @drkaradymond.bsky.social and Kathy Broad at #CSSE on our ongoing work exploring and experimenting with accessible pedagogy.
Small changes can make a big difference!
Small changes can make a big difference!
Reposted by Lincoln S. Smith, PhD
CSSE is only one week away! So much to be excited about!
Example: our Sunday keynote from Jim Cummins, "Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation!"
Full schedule: sites.google.com/view/caare-a...
Example: our Sunday keynote from Jim Cummins, "Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation!"
Full schedule: sites.google.com/view/caare-a...
May 25, 2025 at 5:01 PM
CSSE is only one week away! So much to be excited about!
Example: our Sunday keynote from Jim Cummins, "Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation!"
Full schedule: sites.google.com/view/caare-a...
Example: our Sunday keynote from Jim Cummins, "Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation!"
Full schedule: sites.google.com/view/caare-a...
Reposted by Lincoln S. Smith, PhD
Coming to CSSE? Dr. Jim Cummins is delivering our keynote this Sunday at 12:15 PM!
Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation
📆 June 1 (Day 1)
⏱️ 12:15 pm
📍 Waterfront Limberlost Place (WFL) - 501
Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation
📆 June 1 (Day 1)
⏱️ 12:15 pm
📍 Waterfront Limberlost Place (WFL) - 501
May 27, 2025 at 10:56 AM
Coming to CSSE? Dr. Jim Cummins is delivering our keynote this Sunday at 12:15 PM!
Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation
📆 June 1 (Day 1)
⏱️ 12:15 pm
📍 Waterfront Limberlost Place (WFL) - 501
Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation
📆 June 1 (Day 1)
⏱️ 12:15 pm
📍 Waterfront Limberlost Place (WFL) - 501
Really excited by this year's program!
CSSE is only one week away! So much to be excited about!
Example: our Sunday keynote from Jim Cummins, "Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation!"
Full schedule: sites.google.com/view/caare-a...
Example: our Sunday keynote from Jim Cummins, "Language, Literacies, and Action Research: Reconceptualizing the Relationships between Theory, Research, Policy, and Educational Implementation!"
Full schedule: sites.google.com/view/caare-a...
May 26, 2025 at 11:18 AM
Really excited by this year's program!
This is important for judicious #EdTech use in #k12 in general!
Also, while #student voice and engagement is integral, we must be able to differentiate between superficial, attention-grabbing engagement and constructive engagement driving meaningful growth!
www.edsurge.com/news/2025-05...
Also, while #student voice and engagement is integral, we must be able to differentiate between superficial, attention-grabbing engagement and constructive engagement driving meaningful growth!
www.edsurge.com/news/2025-05...
Trimming the Edtech Fat: How Districts Are Streamlining Their Digital Ecosystems - EdSurge News
It’s time to give tired tech the boot: “We can’t hold on to systems that don’t align with our vision,” says Grace Magley of Natick Public Schools in ...
www.edsurge.com
May 23, 2025 at 6:23 PM
This is important for judicious #EdTech use in #k12 in general!
Also, while #student voice and engagement is integral, we must be able to differentiate between superficial, attention-grabbing engagement and constructive engagement driving meaningful growth!
www.edsurge.com/news/2025-05...
Also, while #student voice and engagement is integral, we must be able to differentiate between superficial, attention-grabbing engagement and constructive engagement driving meaningful growth!
www.edsurge.com/news/2025-05...
Reposted by Lincoln S. Smith, PhD
Great blog on political vs partisan and why science is always political.
if you teach, you are engaged in an inherently political--but not necessarily partisan--act
the political vs partisan distinction stays kicking people's ass
this old @asociologist.bsky.social is very helpful on this
scatter.wordpress.com/2020/11/10/p...
the political vs partisan distinction stays kicking people's ass
this old @asociologist.bsky.social is very helpful on this
scatter.wordpress.com/2020/11/10/p...
partisans, not scientists, decide if science is partisan
Last month, Audra Wolfe wrote a fantastic post about how science is and always has been political. In the post, she analyzes statements from Nature and Scientific American, both of which endorsed J…
scatter.wordpress.com
May 3, 2025 at 1:57 PM
Great blog on political vs partisan and why science is always political.
#CommonSenseMedia: No social companion AI use under 18.
This is incredibly important.
In using and exploring #GenAI, especially with #youth, we have to be committed to understanding and proactively addressing BOTH it's positive AND negative potential.
www.commonsensemedia.org/ai-ratings/s...
This is incredibly important.
In using and exploring #GenAI, especially with #youth, we have to be committed to understanding and proactively addressing BOTH it's positive AND negative potential.
www.commonsensemedia.org/ai-ratings/s...
Social AI Companions
Social AI Companions - Learn more and get Common Sense Media's research-backed tips.
www.commonsensemedia.org
May 2, 2025 at 2:03 PM
#CommonSenseMedia: No social companion AI use under 18.
This is incredibly important.
In using and exploring #GenAI, especially with #youth, we have to be committed to understanding and proactively addressing BOTH it's positive AND negative potential.
www.commonsensemedia.org/ai-ratings/s...
This is incredibly important.
In using and exploring #GenAI, especially with #youth, we have to be committed to understanding and proactively addressing BOTH it's positive AND negative potential.
www.commonsensemedia.org/ai-ratings/s...
Love this. SO true in #k12 #classrooms as well.
" #Belonging is feeling welcomed and accepted in a group, whereas mattering is feeling significant to the group’s individual members. #Mattering is an even more fundamental need than belonging.
hbr.org/2025/05/the-...
" #Belonging is feeling welcomed and accepted in a group, whereas mattering is feeling significant to the group’s individual members. #Mattering is an even more fundamental need than belonging.
hbr.org/2025/05/the-...
The Power of Mattering at Work
Quiet quitting, the Great Resignation, chronically low engagement numbers, increasing numbers of labor disputes, demands for equity and dignity in the workplace—business leaders have been warily watch...
hbr.org
April 30, 2025 at 6:41 PM
Love this. SO true in #k12 #classrooms as well.
" #Belonging is feeling welcomed and accepted in a group, whereas mattering is feeling significant to the group’s individual members. #Mattering is an even more fundamental need than belonging.
hbr.org/2025/05/the-...
" #Belonging is feeling welcomed and accepted in a group, whereas mattering is feeling significant to the group’s individual members. #Mattering is an even more fundamental need than belonging.
hbr.org/2025/05/the-...