ALT: Anime Bitcoin Love with Glowing Heart

No description available

Verified by Goodlede: what backs this story and what it doesn't prove.

No description available

University of Utah’n tutkijat havaitsivat, että faagientsyymit pilkkovat bakteerin sensoria, mikä käynnistää CBASS-immuunipuolustuksen ja solun itsetuhon.

University of Utah researchers discovered that phage enzymes cut a bacterial sensor to trigger CBASS immunity and cell self-destruction.

No description available

Researchers have uncovered how phage proteases activate CBASS antiphage immunity, revealing a novel bacterial virus-sensing mechanism.

For decades, the arms race between bacteria and their viral predators, known as bacteriophages, was viewed as a chaotic free-for-all where the phage struck first and the host scrambled for survival.

No description available

Cyclic oligonucleotide–based antiphage signaling systems (CBASS) are bacterial immune pathways evolutionarily related to cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes) in humans. ...

No description available

by Sabine Grüschow, Peter Wotherspoon, Emma Hilton-Balfe, Shirley Graham, Malcolm F. White Cyclic nucleotide second messengers are used in all domains of life to amplify viral infection signals and activate cellular defences. In prokaryotes, CBASS (cyclic nucleotide-based antiphage signalling system) and type III CRISPR-Cas systems generate a range of cyclic nucleotides which bind and allosterically activate effector proteins to mount an anti-viral response. Viruses have evolved counter measures to antagonise these signalling pathways in the form of cyclic nucleotide sponges and phosphodiesterases that sequester or degrade these molecules to subvert immunity. Recently, the Panoptes system was shown to function as a guard against these viral tactics. The type I Panoptes polymerase, mCpol, generates cyclic dinucleotides as decoy molecules that, when sequestered by phage proteins, results in the activation of the membrane-permeabilising effector 2TMβ to halt the phage infection cycle. Here, we investigate the type II Panoptes system, demonstrating that it generates cyclic tri-adenylate (cA3) to maintain a CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold-transmembrane (CARF-TM) effector in an inactive, dimeric state. When cA3 is sequestered or degraded, the CARF protein undergoes conformational changes. In vivo, the absence of cA3 results in membrane disruption and growth arrest. Type II Panoptes provides defence against phages that express the cA3-degrading enzyme Acb1; phage escapers introduce mutations into the acb1 gene to avoid triggering the Panoptes system. These findings expand our understanding of the guard systems that constitute a fascinating component of the bacterial immune system.

No description available

by Sabine Grüschow, Peter Wotherspoon, Emma Hilton-Balfe, Shirley Graham, Malcolm F. White Cyclic nucleotide second messengers are used in all domains of life to amplify viral infection signals and activate cellular defences. In prokaryotes, CBASS (cyclic nucleotide-based antiphage signalling system) and type III CRISPR-Cas systems generate a range of cyclic nucleotides which bind and allosterically activate effector proteins to mount an anti-viral response. Viruses have evolved counter measures to antagonise these signalling pathways in the form of cyclic nucleotide sponges and phosphodiesterases that sequester or degrade these molecules to subvert immunity. Recently, the Panoptes system was shown to function as a guard against these viral tactics. The type I Panoptes polymerase, mCpol, generates cyclic dinucleotides as decoy molecules that, when sequestered by phage proteins, results in the activation of the membrane-permeabilising effector 2TMβ to halt the phage infection cycle. Here, we investigate the type II Panoptes system, demonstrating that it generates cyclic tri-adenylate (cA3) to maintain a CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold-transmembrane (CARF-TM) effector in an inactive, dimeric state. When cA3 is sequestered or degraded, the CARF protein undergoes conformational changes. In vivo, the absence of cA3 results in membrane disruption and growth arrest. Type II Panoptes provides defence against phages that express the cA3-degrading enzyme Acb1; phage escapers introduce mutations into the acb1 gene to avoid triggering the Panoptes system. These findings expand our understanding of the guard systems that constitute a fascinating component of the bacterial immune system.

ALT: Excited Anime Friends Celebrating

Cell Press article: 2'3'-cGAMP-induced membrane shearing promotes broad antiphage immunity