Nephrolithiasis is a common, frequently recurring condition with a reported prevalence of approximately 11% and a yearly incidence of approximately 2% (1,2). While it primarily affects the kidney and…

Nephrolithiasis is the most common health condition affecting the kidney and urinary tract and constitutes a major global health-care problem. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis has increased substantially over the past five decades, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. Kidney stones cause substantial morbidity, reduced quality of life and enormous health-care expenditure, largely due to their frequent recurrence. Furthermore, nephrolithiasis is now recognized as a systemic condition associated with increased risks of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and low bone mass. Nephrolithiasis exhibits marked pathophysiological heterogeneity. Dietary and environmental exposures interact with genetic predisposition to shape individual disease risk. Calcium oxalate stones are most prevalent, commonly driven by hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and low urine volume, whereas the formation of uric acid and calcium phosphate stones is commonly linked to

OBJECTIVE. We aim to compare the risk of nephrolithiasis among type 2 diabetes patients who initiated sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) v

Silica and calcium carbonate are very rare constituents of renal calculi, historically associated with chronic ingestion of magnesium trisilicate. We present a case of silica and calcium carbonate fir...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown aetiology, characterised by fibrosis and non-necrotising granuloma deposition...