Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41579-025-01254-yMicrobial whole-genome sequencing is an important element of health-care-associated infection (HAI) prevention strategies. Focusing on specific high-priority antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, this Review outlines the epidemiology and microbiology of HAIs and discusses the role of whole-genome sequencing in HAI prevention and surveillance.

This study elaborates on transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among antiretroviral therapy–naive people newly diagnosed with HIV in China. It was found that t

We use a mathematical model incorporating racial inequities in the United States to determine the effects of interventions aimed at ameliorating inequity i

This nationwide study of 2,027 Danish patients with MAC isolates (1991-2018) revealed declining mortality. Age, male sex, DMAC, and comorbidities were asso

Health care-associated bloodstream infections are serious complications of central venous access devices. Numerous preventative interventions exist, but without high-level evidence. The IVCare adaptiv...

AbstractBackground. The duration of infectiousness following pulmonary tuberculosis treatment initiation remains uncertain. We aimed to assess whether a bu

Post-exposure doxycycline-based prophylaxis was associated with a significant increase in the frequency of N. gonorrhoeae isolates with high-level resistan

Ongoing high-risk behaviors continue to fuel HCV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM), challenging elimination efforts. W

Impact of a multifaceted intervention including supportive care order sentence implementation on outpatient antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections - Volume 5 Issue 1

Lack of international guidelines for Gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) management poses clinical challenges. We aimed to assess whether implementing a management bundle for GN-BSI patients affected mortality and/or emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR).MethodsSingle-center, quasi-experimental study including adult patients hospitalized with monomicrobial GN-BSI. In the pre-phase (2018-2019), no standardized protocol was used. In the post-phase (2022–2023), a bundle was applied including predefined rules for follow-up blood cultures (FU-BC), imaging, beta-lactam administration schedule and treatment duration. Primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality; secondary endpoint was 30-day MDR-GN carriage or infection. Treatment-effect lasso models were used to estimate bundle impact.ResultsA total of 2713 patients were included: 1430 in the pre-phase and 1253 in the post-phase. FU-BCs were performed in 22.5% (n=322) vs 47% (n=589), p<0.001; imaging in 65.5% (n 936) vs 71.6% (n=897), p<0.001; median treatment duration was 10 days in both phases (p=0.625). Thirty-day mortality was 10.7% (n=153) vs 11.6% (n=143), p=0.467. New MDR carriage/infection was 140 (11.0%) vs 78 (6.5%), p<0.001. The bundle had no overall effect on 30-day mortality (ATE = 0.008, p=0.568), despite reduced mortality in BSIs due to carbapenem-resistant organisms (ATE = -0.074, p=0.197) the effect was not significant. MDR emergence was significantly reduced (ATE = -0.038, p=0.031) in both overall and high-risk populations.ConclusionsThe GN-BSI management bundle reduced MDR.

The U.S. has reported its first human case of bird flu since February, with a confirmed infection in Washington state

AbstractSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum (subsp. pallidum) and associated with severe symptoms culminating into cardiovascular complications or neurological damage. In the late 15th century, its epidemic occurred in Europe with an outbreak in Naples, causing numerous deaths and impacted people’s lives, shaping their thoughts, behaviours, and language. Here, we traced the syphilis’ origin, exploring its social implications, and reviewing its therapeutic approaches. Moreover, using examples of Neapolitan folk-sayings we illustrated how dialects preserve fragments of medical history. In conclusion, beside epidemics impact human health, years later they continue shaping socio-cultural traits, including language.