Hyung Joon Cha Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for restoring organs damaged by accidents or diseases. However, there is a critical global shortage of transplantable organs. While xenotransplantation—the transplantation of animal organs into humans—has gained attention as an alternative, immune rejection remains a major challenge, as the human immune system recognizes transplanted organs as foreign invader. To prevent this, patients must continuously take immunosuppressants. However, oral or injection-based administration distributes the drugs throughout the body, which can lead to serious side effects such as kidney toxicity and increased risk of infection. This paradoxical situation repeats itself: drugs intended to preserve organs actually weaken the patient's immune system. The research team, led by Professor Hyung Joon Cha (Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Convergence Science and Technology) at Postech, along with Ph.D. candidates Sangmin Lee and Hyun Tack Woo, Dr. Geunho Choi, and Professor Kye Il Joo of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Ewha Womans University, focused on delivering drugs directly to transplanted organs rather than systemically throughout whole body. The research team developed a technique that leverages the principle of mussels' strong adhesiveness even underwater to directly attach microscopic gel particles containing immunosuppressants...