Chronic hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterised by hypocalcaemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) that is associated with a multidimensional reduced quality of life,...

Hypocalcaemia is a common manifestation frequently encountered secondary to hypomagnesaemia. Both, calcium and magnesium are essential for maintaining normal cellular physiology, and magnesium plays a...

Background The optimal choice between calcium gluconate (CaGN) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) for hypocalcaemia correction during paediatric critical illness and resuscitation remains debated. This literature review aimed to compare the efficacy and safety profiles of both preparations to determine an evidence-based clinical preference. Methods A comprehensive review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials involving critically ill patients was conducted, focusing on the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy (measured by the rise in ionised calcium, iCa2⁺), and comparative adverse event profiles, particularly the risk of extravasation injury. Results Both CaGN and CaCl₂ effectively correct hypocalcaemia when equivalent elemental calcium doses are administered. CaCl₂ holds a significant dosing advantage in volume-restricted or extreme emergent scenarios due to its higher concentration of elemental calcium (27.2 mg/mL vs. 9.0 mg/mL for 10% solutions). Whilst the hepatic metabolism requirement for CaGN has been widely refuted, limited paediatric data suggest CaCl₂ may yield a greater response in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in critically ill children. Crucially, the safety profile favours CaGN; a substantial body of evidence indicates that the risk and severity of tissue necrosis following extravasation are markedly higher with CaCl₂. Conclusion The selection of a calcium preparation must be conditional and context-dependent. We recommend reserving CaCl₂ for central venous administration in volume-restricted or extreme emergent settings, whilst CaGN is the preferred choice for peripheral line administration or routine maintenance due to its superior safety profile.

Chronic hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterised by hypocalcaemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) that is associated with a multidimensional reduced quality of life,...

Chronic hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterised by hypocalcaemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) that is associated with a multidimensional reduced quality of life,...

Background Hypocalcaemia and hypercalcaemia are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Although in-hospital calcium replacement protocols target normocalcaemia, UK…

Chronic hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterised by hypocalcaemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) that is associated with a multidimensional reduced quality of life, impairing physical and cognitive functioning, and compromising emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing. This Review integrates recent findings on hypoparathyroidism diagnosis, PTH analogues, calcilytics, preclinical therapeutic agents, parathyroid tissue transplantation, and pluripotent stem...

The relationship between hypocalcaemia and adverse outcom...