#tdih 1919 #RedSummer Black sharecroppers met in Elaine, Arkansas to organize for fair pay for cotton.
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for “riots.” #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for “riots.” #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
Sept. 30, 1919: Elaine Massacre
Black farmers were massacred in Elaine, Arkansas for their efforts to fight for better pay and higher cotton prices. A white mob shot at them, and the farmers returned fire in self-defense. Estimates…
www.zinnedproject.org
September 30, 2026 at 7:30 PM
#tdih 1919 #RedSummer Black sharecroppers met in Elaine, Arkansas to organize for fair pay for cotton.
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for “riots.” #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for “riots.” #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
May 22, 2026 at 2:46 PM
#tdih 1919 #RedSummer Black sharecroppers met in Elaine, Arkansas to organize for fair pay for cotton.
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for "riots." #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for "riots." #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
Sept. 30, 1919: Elaine Massacre
Black farmers were massacred in Elaine, Arkansas for their efforts to fight for better pay and higher cotton prices. A white mob shot at them, and the farmers returned fire in self-defense. Estimates ...
www.zinnedproject.org
September 30, 2025 at 12:13 PM
#tdih 1919 #RedSummer Black sharecroppers met in Elaine, Arkansas to organize for fair pay for cotton.
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for "riots." #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
More than 100 of them were massacred by a white mob.
Twelve Black men were sentenced to death for "riots." #Terrorism #TeachOutsideTextbook 🧵
www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/el...
#tdih 1919 Bogalusa Labor Massacre 💔
Self-Preservation & Loyalty League (SPLL) & Great Southern Lumber Company gunmen killed white allies of African American labor organizer Sol Dacus. #RedSummer
Their goal: undermine the interracial labor union.
Read ⬇️ 🧵
zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/bo...
Self-Preservation & Loyalty League (SPLL) & Great Southern Lumber Company gunmen killed white allies of African American labor organizer Sol Dacus. #RedSummer
Their goal: undermine the interracial labor union.
Read ⬇️ 🧵
zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/bo...
Nov. 22, 1919: Bogalusa Labor Massacre, Attack on Interracial Solidarity
The Bogalusa Labor Massacre was an attack on interracial labor solidarity in Louisiana.
zinnedproject.org
November 22, 2025 at 2:19 PM
#tdih 1919 Bogalusa Labor Massacre 💔
Self-Preservation & Loyalty League (SPLL) & Great Southern Lumber Company gunmen killed white allies of African American labor organizer Sol Dacus. #RedSummer
Their goal: undermine the interracial labor union.
Read ⬇️ 🧵
zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/bo...
Self-Preservation & Loyalty League (SPLL) & Great Southern Lumber Company gunmen killed white allies of African American labor organizer Sol Dacus. #RedSummer
Their goal: undermine the interracial labor union.
Read ⬇️ 🧵
zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/bo...
"Pull a standard U.S. history textbook off the shelf & you’re unlikely to find more than a paragraph on #RedSummer; what you do find downplays both racism and Black resistance, while distorting facts in a dangerous 'both sides' framing." -- Ursula Wolfe-Rocca @ladyofsardines.bsky.social
Read ⬇️
Read ⬇️
Remembering Red Summer — Which Textbooks Seem Eager to Forget
By Ursula Wolfe-Rocca Confronting a national epidemic of white mob violence, 1919 was a time when Black people defended themselves, fought back, and demanded full citizenship in thousands of acts of c...
www.zinnedproject.org
July 27, 2025 at 12:21 PM
"Pull a standard U.S. history textbook off the shelf & you’re unlikely to find more than a paragraph on #RedSummer; what you do find downplays both racism and Black resistance, while distorting facts in a dangerous 'both sides' framing." -- Ursula Wolfe-Rocca @ladyofsardines.bsky.social
Read ⬇️
Read ⬇️
#quotes #books #booksky #excerpts #citations #onthelapsofgods #Whitaker #redsummer #summer1919 #arkansas #usa #ussouth #20thCentury #supremecourt #lynching #black #federal #state #bias #jimcrow #blackhistory
August 27, 2026 at 8:10 PM
May 23, 2026 at 6:54 AM
Channel’n ancestors’ desires for freedom & prosperity; think’n about #RedSummer battles they lost. VRA gutted, Affirmative Action reversed + Harris losing POTUS battle, too. We lost battles—NOT freedom war.
Me stepping into the first day of #BlackHistoryMonth like Beyoncé.
youtu.be/Z2wNCs8KL4Y?...
Me stepping into the first day of #BlackHistoryMonth like Beyoncé.
youtu.be/Z2wNCs8KL4Y?...
Beyoncé - Freedom (Homecoming) [LIVE]
YouTube video by Beyoncé LIVE
youtu.be
February 1, 2025 at 3:48 PM
Channel’n ancestors’ desires for freedom & prosperity; think’n about #RedSummer battles they lost. VRA gutted, Affirmative Action reversed + Harris losing POTUS battle, too. We lost battles—NOT freedom war.
Me stepping into the first day of #BlackHistoryMonth like Beyoncé.
youtu.be/Z2wNCs8KL4Y?...
Me stepping into the first day of #BlackHistoryMonth like Beyoncé.
youtu.be/Z2wNCs8KL4Y?...
Can you spot a common theme? No, Red Rising is not missing. These are all awesome indie books that did not wait for permission, and thrived anyway.
@analeewrites
@brendan_noble_author
#SupportIndieAuthors #SFF #books #TheCrimsonCourt #RedSummer
#RedDemon 💙📚💫🚀🌶️⚔️🏳️🌈
@analeewrites
@brendan_noble_author
#SupportIndieAuthors #SFF #books #TheCrimsonCourt #RedSummer
#RedDemon 💙📚💫🚀🌶️⚔️🏳️🌈
October 24, 2025 at 11:15 AM
Can you spot a common theme? No, Red Rising is not missing. These are all awesome indie books that did not wait for permission, and thrived anyway.
@analeewrites
@brendan_noble_author
#SupportIndieAuthors #SFF #books #TheCrimsonCourt #RedSummer
#RedDemon 💙📚💫🚀🌶️⚔️🏳️🌈
@analeewrites
@brendan_noble_author
#SupportIndieAuthors #SFF #books #TheCrimsonCourt #RedSummer
#RedDemon 💙📚💫🚀🌶️⚔️🏳️🌈
“Pull a standard U.S. history textbook off the shelf & you’re unlikely to find more than a paragraph on #RedSummer; what you do find downplays racism & Black resistance, while distorting facts in a dangerous ‘both sides’ framing.” — Ursula Wolfe-Rocca
Read ⬇️
www.zinnedproject.org/if-we-knew-o...
Read ⬇️
www.zinnedproject.org/if-we-knew-o...
Remembering Red Summer — Which Textbooks Seem Eager to Forget
By Ursula Wolfe-Rocca Confronting a national epidemic of white mob violence, 1919 was a time when Black people defended themselves, fought back, and demanded full citizenship in thousands of acts of c...
www.zinnedproject.org
July 27, 2026 at 2:50 PM
“Pull a standard U.S. history textbook off the shelf & you’re unlikely to find more than a paragraph on #RedSummer; what you do find downplays racism & Black resistance, while distorting facts in a dangerous ‘both sides’ framing.” — Ursula Wolfe-Rocca
Read ⬇️
www.zinnedproject.org/if-we-knew-o...
Read ⬇️
www.zinnedproject.org/if-we-knew-o...
200 or More Black People Killed in Elaine, Arkansas, Massacre
calendar.eji.org/racial-injus...
calendar.eji.org/racial-injus...
Sep. 30, 1919 | 200 or More Black People Killed By White Mobs in Elaine, Arkansas
Learn more about our history of racial injustice.
calendar.eji.org
September 30, 2025 at 12:34 PM
#OTD #TDIH #July24, 1919: #RedSummer: #WashingtonRaceRiotOf1919 ends after 15 killed & 150 wounded.
#RaceRiots #WhiteOnBlackViolence #WashingtonDC #FalseAccusationsOfRape #AfricanAmericans #BlackBusinesses #NAACP #WashingtonDCPolice #YellowJournalism en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing...
#RaceRiots #WhiteOnBlackViolence #WashingtonDC #FalseAccusationsOfRape #AfricanAmericans #BlackBusinesses #NAACP #WashingtonDCPolice #YellowJournalism en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing...
July 24, 2026 at 7:59 PM
#OTD #TDIH #July24, 1919: #RedSummer: #WashingtonRaceRiotOf1919 ends after 15 killed & 150 wounded.
#RaceRiots #WhiteOnBlackViolence #WashingtonDC #FalseAccusationsOfRape #AfricanAmericans #BlackBusinesses #NAACP #WashingtonDCPolice #YellowJournalism en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing...
#RaceRiots #WhiteOnBlackViolence #WashingtonDC #FalseAccusationsOfRape #AfricanAmericans #BlackBusinesses #NAACP #WashingtonDCPolice #YellowJournalism en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing...
Violence against African Americans that erupted in the US from Apr to Nov 1919 is called #RedSummer because it was so bloody. After WWI, Black soldiers returned to the US w expectations of full citizenship, only to be met by backlash. Riots broke out… youtu.be/EEmIv29C8dA?...
YouTube
Share your videos with friends, family, and the world
youtu.be
August 24, 2026 at 6:30 PM
Violence against African Americans that erupted in the US from Apr to Nov 1919 is called #RedSummer because it was so bloody. After WWI, Black soldiers returned to the US w expectations of full citizenship, only to be met by backlash. Riots broke out… youtu.be/EEmIv29C8dA?...
1919: #RedSummer
Context: Like Chicago’s Red Summer, many #WhiteSupremacists, resentful of Black American demands for equality, attacked them. SOURCE: The #1619Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#AmericanHistory
1/3
Context: Like Chicago’s Red Summer, many #WhiteSupremacists, resentful of Black American demands for equality, attacked them. SOURCE: The #1619Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#AmericanHistory
1/3
November 21, 2024 at 11:23 PM
1919: #RedSummer
Context: Like Chicago’s Red Summer, many #WhiteSupremacists, resentful of Black American demands for equality, attacked them. SOURCE: The #1619Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#AmericanHistory
1/3
Context: Like Chicago’s Red Summer, many #WhiteSupremacists, resentful of Black American demands for equality, attacked them. SOURCE: The #1619Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#AmericanHistory
1/3
May 1, 2026 at 7:09 PM
“One of the #RedSummer #racist pogroms in 1919, on #ThisDayInHistory an accusation sparked a #RaceRiot by white US troops in DC. They found #CharlesRalls walking with his wife & attacked, but the #Black community rallied to defend. Cops stood aside as mob violence spread for days.”
Liam O'Mara IV, PhD (@LiamOMaraIV@mastodon.social)
Attached: 1 image
One of the #RedSummer #racist pogroms in 1919, on #ThisDayInHistory an accusation sparked a #RaceRiot by white US troops in DC. They found #CharlesRalls walking with his wife & atta...
mastodon.social
July 19, 2026 at 5:39 PM
“One of the #RedSummer #racist pogroms in 1919, on #ThisDayInHistory an accusation sparked a #RaceRiot by white US troops in DC. They found #CharlesRalls walking with his wife & attacked, but the #Black community rallied to defend. Cops stood aside as mob violence spread for days.”
Check out my latest video where I discuss #Blackhistory #whattheywontteachyou #blackwallstreet #redsummer #raceriots and how #blackancientafricans had come to America #longbeforecolumbus and were originals even before the Indians. #pleasesubscribetomyyoutubechannel youtu.be/cxoIkE5zsdg?...
Black History, &untold stories of American History Triumph, Trials & Tribulations #whattheywontteach
YouTube video by Expose News Outlet with Aundreya Orr
youtu.be
February 24, 2025 at 8:47 AM
Check out my latest video where I discuss #Blackhistory #whattheywontteachyou #blackwallstreet #redsummer #raceriots and how #blackancientafricans had come to America #longbeforecolumbus and were originals even before the Indians. #pleasesubscribetomyyoutubechannel youtu.be/cxoIkE5zsdg?...
#quotes #books #excerpts #citations #redsummer #racism #lynching #supremecourt #black #history #massacre #south #sharecroppers
November 24, 2024 at 11:02 PM
Great idea, Monica!
Black history is 🇺🇸history.
We’re supposed to learn from history so we won’t repeat bad💩; The increasing anti-DEI, Trans & Woke rhetoric from DJT, echoed by (R) Party & blanket commutations/pardons for violent J6ers mimics prelude to🇺🇸’s #RedSummer.
www.history.com/news/red-sum...
Black history is 🇺🇸history.
We’re supposed to learn from history so we won’t repeat bad💩; The increasing anti-DEI, Trans & Woke rhetoric from DJT, echoed by (R) Party & blanket commutations/pardons for violent J6ers mimics prelude to🇺🇸’s #RedSummer.
www.history.com/news/red-sum...
Red Summer of 1919: How Black WWI Vets Fought Back Against Racist Mobs | HISTORY
When dozens of brutal race riots erupted across the U.S. in the wake of World War I and the Great Migration, black veterans stepped up to defend their communities against white violence.
www.history.com
February 1, 2025 at 3:02 PM
Great idea, Monica!
Black history is 🇺🇸history.
We’re supposed to learn from history so we won’t repeat bad💩; The increasing anti-DEI, Trans & Woke rhetoric from DJT, echoed by (R) Party & blanket commutations/pardons for violent J6ers mimics prelude to🇺🇸’s #RedSummer.
www.history.com/news/red-sum...
Black history is 🇺🇸history.
We’re supposed to learn from history so we won’t repeat bad💩; The increasing anti-DEI, Trans & Woke rhetoric from DJT, echoed by (R) Party & blanket commutations/pardons for violent J6ers mimics prelude to🇺🇸’s #RedSummer.
www.history.com/news/red-sum...
Facts: Houston, Little Rock, Harlem, Washington D.C., New York, Baltimore, New Orleans & many other cities had outbreaks of rioting as #WhiteSupremacists attacked African Americans throughout the United States.SOURCE: The 1619 Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#RedSummer
#AmericanHistory
2/3
#RedSummer
#AmericanHistory
2/3
November 21, 2024 at 11:23 PM
Facts: Houston, Little Rock, Harlem, Washington D.C., New York, Baltimore, New Orleans & many other cities had outbreaks of rioting as #WhiteSupremacists attacked African Americans throughout the United States.SOURCE: The 1619 Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#RedSummer
#AmericanHistory
2/3
#RedSummer
#AmericanHistory
2/3
“The [NAACP] and other identified ‘at least 25 major riots and mob actions…and at least 52 black people…lynched.Many victims were burned to death’ between April and November 1919.” SOURCE: The #1619Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#RedSummer
#WhiteSupremacy
#AmericanHistory
3/3
#RedSummer
#WhiteSupremacy
#AmericanHistory
3/3
November 21, 2024 at 11:23 PM
“The [NAACP] and other identified ‘at least 25 major riots and mob actions…and at least 52 black people…lynched.Many victims were burned to death’ between April and November 1919.” SOURCE: The #1619Project, created by Nikole Hannah-Jones
#RedSummer
#WhiteSupremacy
#AmericanHistory
3/3
#RedSummer
#WhiteSupremacy
#AmericanHistory
3/3
#quotes #books #booksky #excerpts #citations #onthelapsofgods #Whitaker #redsummer #summer1919 #arkansas #usa #ussouth #20thCentury #white #violence #black #crt #blm #states #statesrights #lynching
November 6, 2025 at 6:35 PM