Dhar is recognised for his contributions to statistical mechanics and work on complex systems

Key Highlights * Deepak Dhar, an Indian theoretical physicist, has been awarded the 2026 Dirac Medal by ICTP. * The award, presented on 8 August 2026, recognizes his pioneering work in statistical mechanics and complex systems. * Other laureates include Bernard Derrida (France), Marc Mézard (Italy) and Haim Sompolinsky (Israel/USA). * Dhar’s seminal sandpile model underpins modern theories of self‑organised criticality. * He has also made significant contributions to optimisation, theoretical neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Detailed Insights Dirac Medal Context. Established in 1985, the Dirac Medal is awarded annually on the birthday of Paul Dirac (8 August). It carries a prize of US$5,000 and is reserved for physicists who have not yet received the Nobel, Fields or Wolf prizes. Deepak Dhar’s Academic Trajectory. Dhar earned his undergraduate degree from the University of Allahabad (1970), a master’s from IIT Kanpur (1972) and a PhD from Caltech (1978). While at Caltech he served as a teaching assistant to Nobel laureate Richard Feynman. Research Contributions. Dhar’s investigations span equilibrium and non‑equilibrium statistical mechanics, with a focus on collective behaviour in large interacting systems. His development of the sandpile model has become a cornerstone for studying self‑organised criticality, a phenomenon where systems naturally evolve to a critical state. Broader Impact. The mathematical framework he introduced has influenced optimisation algorithms, models of neural dynamics, and machine‑learning architectures, illustrating the interdisciplinary reach of statistical physics. Other Recognitions. In addition to the Dirac Medal, Dhar received the Boltzmann Medal in 2022 (first Indian recipient) and the Padma Bhushan in 2023, India's third‑highest civilian honour. Key Concepts * Statistical Mechanics. The branch of physics that uses probability theory to describe the collective behaviour of large ensembles of particles. * Self‑Organised Criticality. A property of dynamical systems that naturally evolve to a critical point, where minor perturbations can trigger large responses. * Sandpile Model. A simple lattice model introduced by Dhar that exemplifies self‑organised criticality through the accumulation and redistribution of grains. * Equilibrium vs. Non‑Equilibrium. Equilibrium systems are time‑independent, whereas non‑equilibrium systems evolve under external driving forces or internal fluctuations. * Optimization in Physics. The application of mathematical optimisation techniques to find minimal energy configurations or optimal pathways in physical systems.

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