7) CRH is the key that starts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, the body’s primary stress response system.
It goes something like this: Hypothalamus -> CRH -> Pituitary gland -> ACTH -> Adrenal glands -> Cortisol.
It goes something like this: Hypothalamus -> CRH -> Pituitary gland -> ACTH -> Adrenal glands -> Cortisol.
February 7, 2026 at 1:54 PM
7) CRH is the key that starts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, the body’s primary stress response system.
It goes something like this: Hypothalamus -> CRH -> Pituitary gland -> ACTH -> Adrenal glands -> Cortisol.
It goes something like this: Hypothalamus -> CRH -> Pituitary gland -> ACTH -> Adrenal glands -> Cortisol.
Was exicted to wear my hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal pins for teaching about the HPA axis in my Health Psychology class this week. Then I lost the pituitary 😭 then I found my pituitary in my purse 🥳. All is well now that I have the pituitary!
October 7, 2023 at 3:14 AM
Was exicted to wear my hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal pins for teaching about the HPA axis in my Health Psychology class this week. Then I lost the pituitary 😭 then I found my pituitary in my purse 🥳. All is well now that I have the pituitary!
🧬Science Wednesdays: HPA axis
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the communication between three organs: the hypothalamus region of the brain, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland. The HPA axis is a major part of the body’s stress management system.
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the communication between three organs: the hypothalamus region of the brain, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland. The HPA axis is a major part of the body’s stress management system.
August 6, 2025 at 2:28 PM
🧬Science Wednesdays: HPA axis
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the communication between three organs: the hypothalamus region of the brain, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland. The HPA axis is a major part of the body’s stress management system.
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the communication between three organs: the hypothalamus region of the brain, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland. The HPA axis is a major part of the body’s stress management system.
8/1 Verbindungspunkte der #LongCovid Pathogenese: Eine Funktionsstörung der Vagusnerv-Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Mitochondrien-Achse:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
Frontiers | Connecting dots of long COVID-19 pathogenesis: a vagus nerve- hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal-mitochondrial axis dysfunction
www.frontiersin.org
March 10, 2025 at 11:35 AM
8/1 Verbindungspunkte der #LongCovid Pathogenese: Eine Funktionsstörung der Vagusnerv-Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Mitochondrien-Achse:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
19/1 Verbindungspunkte der #LongCovid Pathogenese: Eine Funktionsstörung der Vagusnerv-Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Mitochondrien-Achse:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
Frontiers | Connecting dots of long COVID-19 pathogenesis: a vagus nerve- hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal-mitochondrial axis dysfunction
www.frontiersin.org
April 12, 2025 at 10:01 AM
19/1 Verbindungspunkte der #LongCovid Pathogenese: Eine Funktionsstörung der Vagusnerv-Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Mitochondrien-Achse:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
#SimulAdren is a simulation program for the #hypothalamus - #pituitary - #adrenal feedback control, an essential physiological motif. It is written in #Object_Pascal and helps to understand life-threatening diseases.
#Simuladren, a simulator for the #HPA axis based on #CyberUnits Bricks, has been updated to version 1.2. This upgrade introduces support for XML files according to #MIASE and #MIRIAM guidelines and high-res displays on Windows.
simuladren.sourceforge.io
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
simuladren.sourceforge.io
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
January 27, 2026 at 11:07 PM
#SimulAdren is a simulation program for the #hypothalamus - #pituitary - #adrenal feedback control, an essential physiological motif. It is written in #Object_Pascal and helps to understand life-threatening diseases.
19/1 Verbindungspunkte der COVID-19-Pathogenese: eine Funktionsstörung der Vagusnerv-Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Mitochondrien-Achse:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39735263/
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39735263/
Connecting dots of long COVID-19 pathogenesis: a vagus nerve- hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal-mitochondrial axis dysfunction - PubMed
The pathogenesis of long COVID (LC) still presents many areas of uncertainty. This leads to difficulties in finding an effective specific therapy. We hypothesize that the key to LC pathogenesis lies i...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
August 8, 2025 at 9:04 AM
19/1 Verbindungspunkte der COVID-19-Pathogenese: eine Funktionsstörung der Vagusnerv-Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Mitochondrien-Achse:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39735263/
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39735263/
I need polls so I can take bets on whether I have an adrenal problem, a pituitary problem, a hypothalamus problem, or yet some other secret
June 25, 2026 at 7:53 PM
I need polls so I can take bets on whether I have an adrenal problem, a pituitary problem, a hypothalamus problem, or yet some other secret
#SimulAdren, the open dynamic simulator for the #HPA-axis, i. e. the #hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal feedback control, has been released in version 2.0.1. This is a recommended update that fixes several bugs.
simuladren.sourceforge.io
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
simuladren.sourceforge.io
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
May 24, 2026 at 8:46 PM
#SimulAdren, the open dynamic simulator for the #HPA-axis, i. e. the #hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal feedback control, has been released in version 2.0.1. This is a recommended update that fixes several bugs.
simuladren.sourceforge.io
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
simuladren.sourceforge.io
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
#SimulAdren has been released in version 1.1. This cross-platform simulator of the corticotropic feedback loop (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal or #HPA axis) is based on the #CyberUnits Bricks class library.
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
simuladren.sf.net
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
simuladren.sf.net
December 13, 2025 at 9:34 PM
#SimulAdren has been released in version 1.1. This cross-platform simulator of the corticotropic feedback loop (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal or #HPA axis) is based on the #CyberUnits Bricks class library.
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
simuladren.sf.net
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
doi.org/10.5281/zeno...
simuladren.sf.net
Adrenal Insufficiency United is a group for anyone affected by adrenal insufficiency (AI). AI can be caused by conditions that affect the Adrenal Gland - Pituitary Gland - or Hypothalamus.
A short list includes: Addisons, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, ALD, Panhypopituitarism & Craniopharyngioma.
A short list includes: Addisons, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, ALD, Panhypopituitarism & Craniopharyngioma.
November 19, 2024 at 4:18 PM
Adrenal Insufficiency United is a group for anyone affected by adrenal insufficiency (AI). AI can be caused by conditions that affect the Adrenal Gland - Pituitary Gland - or Hypothalamus.
A short list includes: Addisons, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, ALD, Panhypopituitarism & Craniopharyngioma.
A short list includes: Addisons, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, ALD, Panhypopituitarism & Craniopharyngioma.
Congratulations to Madeson Todd on leading this paper through to the finish line! @catherinealebel.bsky.social @ucalgarymed.bsky.social
www.frontiersin.org/journals/neu...
www.frontiersin.org/journals/neu...
Frontiers | Hypothalamus volumes and mental health in children and adolescents
IntroductionThe hypothalamus-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays an important role in regulating behavior, neuroplastic responses to the environment during ch...
www.frontiersin.org
March 10, 2026 at 2:41 PM
Congratulations to Madeson Todd on leading this paper through to the finish line! @catherinealebel.bsky.social @ucalgarymed.bsky.social
www.frontiersin.org/journals/neu...
www.frontiersin.org/journals/neu...
We don’t know why dysregulation of blood volume happens in ME/CFS. It’s probably part of the big picture of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, maybe adding in the possibility autoantibodies and inflammatory mediators in some subgroups—but I doubt they explain it by themselves.
November 21, 2024 at 12:25 PM
We don’t know why dysregulation of blood volume happens in ME/CFS. It’s probably part of the big picture of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, maybe adding in the possibility autoantibodies and inflammatory mediators in some subgroups—but I doubt they explain it by themselves.
This one is dense, bookmarking to read later: www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
Frontiers | Interactions between noradrenaline and corticosteroids in the brain: from electrical activity to cognitive performance
One of the core reactions in response to a stressful situation is the activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis which increases the release...
www.frontiersin.org
November 3, 2025 at 6:23 AM
This one is dense, bookmarking to read later: www.frontiersin.org/journals/cel...
Newly published full text:
Research progress in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome through interventions targeting the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
Free:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/end...
#MEcfs #CFS #PwME
Research progress in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome through interventions targeting the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
Free:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/end...
#MEcfs #CFS #PwME
April 10, 2024 at 12:55 PM
Newly published full text:
Research progress in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome through interventions targeting the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
Free:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/end...
#MEcfs #CFS #PwME
Research progress in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome through interventions targeting the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
Free:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/end...
#MEcfs #CFS #PwME
"Through tissue-specific manipulation of Nptx2, the authors demonstrated that the pituitary was a major source of NPTX2 in the serum, and the increased NPTX2 secretion by the pituitary affected immune balance by regulating the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio."
Pituitary-immune bidirectional crosstalk under systemic inflammation
The pituitary gland responds to and modulates immune stress through the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. A new study in PLOS Biology reveals unconventional bidirectional communication between ...
journals.plos.org
December 21, 2023 at 8:01 PM
"Through tissue-specific manipulation of Nptx2, the authors demonstrated that the pituitary was a major source of NPTX2 in the serum, and the increased NPTX2 secretion by the pituitary affected immune balance by regulating the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio."
Super useful new review of how stress hormones might influence choice.
academic.oup.com/scan/advance...
academic.oup.com/scan/advance...
Do stress hormones influence choice? A systematic review of pharmacological interventions on the HPA axis and/or SAM system
Abstract. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system (SAM system), two neuroendocrine systems associat
academic.oup.com
October 11, 2024 at 10:41 AM
Super useful new review of how stress hormones might influence choice.
academic.oup.com/scan/advance...
academic.oup.com/scan/advance...
Abnormal findings in people with ME/CFS include:
🔬 an inability for cells to use energy effectively
💨 tissues not getting enough oxygen
🤒 immune system dysregulation
🔀 disruptions in signalling between the brain's hypothalamus and the pituitary & adrenal glands
🔬 an inability for cells to use energy effectively
💨 tissues not getting enough oxygen
🤒 immune system dysregulation
🔀 disruptions in signalling between the brain's hypothalamus and the pituitary & adrenal glands
November 22, 2024 at 12:01 AM
Abnormal findings in people with ME/CFS include:
🔬 an inability for cells to use energy effectively
💨 tissues not getting enough oxygen
🤒 immune system dysregulation
🔀 disruptions in signalling between the brain's hypothalamus and the pituitary & adrenal glands
🔬 an inability for cells to use energy effectively
💨 tissues not getting enough oxygen
🤒 immune system dysregulation
🔀 disruptions in signalling between the brain's hypothalamus and the pituitary & adrenal glands
I was recently diagnosed (through spit tests of my hormones) with HPA (hypothalamus pituitary adrenal) dysfunction. I am in stage three: exhaustion. There is no stage four. We are all understandably exhausted. We need sleep, nourishing food, and yeah, community. Draw your loved ones close, my loves.
February 6, 2025 at 4:24 AM
I was recently diagnosed (through spit tests of my hormones) with HPA (hypothalamus pituitary adrenal) dysfunction. I am in stage three: exhaustion. There is no stage four. We are all understandably exhausted. We need sleep, nourishing food, and yeah, community. Draw your loved ones close, my loves.
The concept of relative adrenal suppression in critical illness is undergoing a rethink-nice paper on the topic here. Most of the effect of HCT in shock is a direct vasopressor effect, although the survival benefit in severe illness does imply multiple mechanisms academic.oup.com/edrv/article...
The Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical Response to Critical Illness: A Concept in Need of Revision
Abstract. Based on insights obtained during the past decade, the classical concept of an activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in response t
academic.oup.com
November 24, 2024 at 1:04 PM
The concept of relative adrenal suppression in critical illness is undergoing a rethink-nice paper on the topic here. Most of the effect of HCT in shock is a direct vasopressor effect, although the survival benefit in severe illness does imply multiple mechanisms academic.oup.com/edrv/article...
Protect your brain and other organs!
#MaskTogetherAmerica
www.instagram.com/p/DC2g5VUO7e...
Read about #LongCOVID.
#MaskTogetherAmerica
www.instagram.com/p/DC2g5VUO7e...
Read about #LongCOVID.
![ID: Image of a brain on top of a coronavirus. Source: “COVID-19 Leaves Its Mark on the Brain. Significant Drops in IQ Scores Are Noted” Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly, The Conversation US, reposed by Scientific American 3/13/2024 [ https://bit.ly/C19IQ ]](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:gioridukdc4udijly543nbob/bafkreiahzbvj2zs4t2ewzo443vjbfzjlextpnwcjcgilghbfgf22nvwgwm)
![ID: A figure showing multiple drivers of Long COVID, including Mitochondrial dysfunction, Neuronal inflammation, Microglial activation, Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, Microbiome dysbiosis and translocation and Thrombo-inflammation.
Long COVID science, research and policy published in Nature Medicine.
[ https://go.nature.com/3AXoaqq ]](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:gioridukdc4udijly543nbob/bafkreigb65vx7dhg6w4yp66twd7p656y5q7pudd4wcg2klpyrhfiajduvy)
![ID: Graphic showing Long COVID symptoms and the impacts on numerous organs with differing pathology.
Source: Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations
[ https://go.nature.com/3CNDgj2 ]](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:gioridukdc4udijly543nbob/bafkreifmkmawxpsljxb7fqyumv567bqohebpak5qo2lyppi3otv4v7uonu)
![ID: Graphic showing Hypothesized mechanisms of long COVID pathogenesis including immune dysregulation, microbiota dysbiosis, autoimmunity and immune priming, blood clotting and endothelial abnormalities, dysfunctional neurological signaling.
Source: Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations
[ https://go.nature.com/3CNDgj2 ]](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:gioridukdc4udijly543nbob/bafkreibs7hukwleyzwh5hipdtvtlnt5t6ztheg7x73krw3klatdej2ksda)
November 27, 2024 at 12:43 AM
Protect your brain and other organs!
#MaskTogetherAmerica
www.instagram.com/p/DC2g5VUO7e...
Read about #LongCOVID.
#MaskTogetherAmerica
www.instagram.com/p/DC2g5VUO7e...
Read about #LongCOVID.
Remember during the pandemic how I kept saying aspects of COVID and long COVID felt like variations on my stroke damage to my hypothalamus?
Turn out there's increasing evidence.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC....
Turn out there's increasing evidence.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC....
The Relationship between COVID-19 and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis: A Large Spectrum from Glucocorticoid Insufficiency to Excess—The CAPISCO International Expert Panel
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding severity, vulnerability to infection due to comorbidities, and treatment approaches. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal ...
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
June 23, 2025 at 4:29 AM
Remember during the pandemic how I kept saying aspects of COVID and long COVID felt like variations on my stroke damage to my hypothalamus?
Turn out there's increasing evidence.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC....
Turn out there's increasing evidence.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC....
Being this angry daily is not good, but sliding into indifference is far worse, so…angry it is. Tots and pears for my hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands.
February 3, 2025 at 11:34 PM
Being this angry daily is not good, but sliding into indifference is far worse, so…angry it is. Tots and pears for my hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands.
👉 Hypocortisolism in ME/CFS and Long COVID may result from direct infection or immune-mediated damage of the HPA axis (hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal).
Our review:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/imm...
Our review:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/imm...
Frontiers | Hypocortisolemic ASIA: a vaccine- and chronic infection-induced syndrome behind the origin of long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis
Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), long COVID (LC) and post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome show similarities in their pathophysiology...
www.frontiersin.org
February 24, 2026 at 12:59 PM
👉 Hypocortisolism in ME/CFS and Long COVID may result from direct infection or immune-mediated damage of the HPA axis (hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal).
Our review:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/imm...
Our review:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/imm...
Do you need to be supporting your adrenals?
No, they support you. But if you have actual adrenal insufficiency, an important disease state of your hypothalamus, pituitary or adrenal glands themselves, then you will be seeing a real #hormone doctor called an endocrinologist for management support.
No, they support you. But if you have actual adrenal insufficiency, an important disease state of your hypothalamus, pituitary or adrenal glands themselves, then you will be seeing a real #hormone doctor called an endocrinologist for management support.
December 24, 2024 at 1:49 AM
Do you need to be supporting your adrenals?
No, they support you. But if you have actual adrenal insufficiency, an important disease state of your hypothalamus, pituitary or adrenal glands themselves, then you will be seeing a real #hormone doctor called an endocrinologist for management support.
No, they support you. But if you have actual adrenal insufficiency, an important disease state of your hypothalamus, pituitary or adrenal glands themselves, then you will be seeing a real #hormone doctor called an endocrinologist for management support.