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A team of researchers from the US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory has developed a novel monitoring system that combines fiber-optic temperature sensors with artificial intelligence to detect hidden blockages in nuclear reactors before they cause costly failures and shutdowns. The technology specifically targets heat exchangers used in molten-salt-cooled reactors (MSCRs), which contain between 2,000 and 4,000 small channels. Current monitoring systems only track temperature and flow rates at the inlet and outlet of heat exchangers, providing limited data about internal channel conditions. This new system embeds distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing into the heat exchanger's support structures, allowing for real-time temperature data collection across thousands of channels. AI algorithms then analyze this data to identify unusual temperature patterns that could indicate solidified salt is blocking a channel. According to Alex Heifetz, a principal electrical engineer at Argonne and co-author of the study, the system provides a 'high-resolution look' into where faults are occurring, enabling early detection of blockages. The AI also explains its decisions, helping operators understand and trust the system. This technology is particularly important for molten-salt-cooled reactors, which operate at much higher temperatures (around 932°F or 500°C) than conventional reactors, where salt coolant can solidify near its freezing point. Early detection of potential blockages could prevent expensive repairs or unplanned reactor shutdowns. The study has been published in the journal Nature Scientific Reports, and the researchers emphasize that their approach can detect subtle patterns in large data volumes that would be challenging for human operators to identify. The system's ability to provide detailed fault location and severity assessment represents a significant advancement in nuclear reactor monitoring technology.

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By reinventing the heat exchanger using additive manufacturing, Conflux equips Airbus with a key technology that makes fuel cells practical for use in regional and short-haul aircraft.

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The Data Center Heat Exchangers market is projected to reach $14.40 billion by 2032, driven by AI growth and hyperscale data centers.