Spotlight: Yan Zhao previews work from Qiming Sun and colleagues (rupress.org/jcb/article/...), which shows how Rab #GTPases serve as cues for cargo receptor recruitment, mediating #mitophagy, #lipophagy, and #xenophagy. rupress.org/jcb/article/...
#autophagy
#autophagy
April 10, 2025 at 4:18 PM
Spotlight: Yan Zhao previews work from Qiming Sun and colleagues (rupress.org/jcb/article/...), which shows how Rab #GTPases serve as cues for cargo receptor recruitment, mediating #mitophagy, #lipophagy, and #xenophagy. rupress.org/jcb/article/...
#autophagy
#autophagy
Rab #GTPases are evolutionarily conserved signals mediating selective #autophagy, say Pengwei Zhao, Rui Tian, Dandan Song, Qi Zhu, Xianming Ding, Wei Zou, Qiming Sun and colleagues @ZJU_China: rupress.org/jcb/article/...
#Trafficking #Biochemistry #Mitophagy #Lipophagy #Xenophagy
#Trafficking #Biochemistry #Mitophagy #Lipophagy #Xenophagy
April 15, 2025 at 7:13 PM
Rab #GTPases are evolutionarily conserved signals mediating selective #autophagy, say Pengwei Zhao, Rui Tian, Dandan Song, Qi Zhu, Xianming Ding, Wei Zou, Qiming Sun and colleagues @ZJU_China: rupress.org/jcb/article/...
#Trafficking #Biochemistry #Mitophagy #Lipophagy #Xenophagy
#Trafficking #Biochemistry #Mitophagy #Lipophagy #Xenophagy
Autophagy recycles damaged proteins and organelles inside the cells so they may be reused.
Xenophagy participates in clearance of intracellular microbial material like bacteria and viruses
Mitophagy selectively removes dysfunctional mitochondrial and can improve overall mito quality
Xenophagy participates in clearance of intracellular microbial material like bacteria and viruses
Mitophagy selectively removes dysfunctional mitochondrial and can improve overall mito quality
September 11, 2026 at 6:41 PM
Autophagy recycles damaged proteins and organelles inside the cells so they may be reused.
Xenophagy participates in clearance of intracellular microbial material like bacteria and viruses
Mitophagy selectively removes dysfunctional mitochondrial and can improve overall mito quality
Xenophagy participates in clearance of intracellular microbial material like bacteria and viruses
Mitophagy selectively removes dysfunctional mitochondrial and can improve overall mito quality
Prohibitin 2 links damaged mitochondria to intracellular bacteria to trigger xenophagy independent of mitophagy
Prohibitin 2 links damaged mitochondria to intracellular bacteria to trigger xenophagy independent of mitophagy
Challenging the view that mitophagy links xenophagy, Yang et al. delineate a model of mito-xenophagy. They reveal that mitochondrial PHB2 tethers mitochondria to invading bacteria while recruiting auto-ubiquitinated E3 ligases to facilitate bacterial ubiquitination, leading to the synchronized autophagic clearance of pathogens and their associated mitochondria, independent of mitophagy.
dlvr.it
June 5, 2026 at 7:50 PM
Prohibitin 2 links damaged mitochondria to intracellular bacteria to trigger xenophagy independent of mitophagy
Leveraging intratumoral probiotics in PDAC
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
Leveraging intratumoral probiotics for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy via xenophagy
How intracellular bacteria within tumor cells can be harnessed to overcome immunotherapy
resistance in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Li et al. find that rapamycin-induced
xenophagy enables Bifido...
www.cell.com
March 9, 2026 at 5:26 PM
Leveraging intratumoral probiotics in PDAC
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
This study from the labs of Wei Zou and Qiming Sun @ZJU_China uncovers Rab #GTPases as evolutionarily conserved signals mediating selective #autophagy, targeting damaged #mitochondria, #LipidDroplets, and #pathogens for degradation. rupress.org/jcb/article/...
#mitophagy #lipophagy #xenophagy
#mitophagy #lipophagy #xenophagy
April 8, 2025 at 5:11 PM
This study from the labs of Wei Zou and Qiming Sun @ZJU_China uncovers Rab #GTPases as evolutionarily conserved signals mediating selective #autophagy, targeting damaged #mitochondria, #LipidDroplets, and #pathogens for degradation. rupress.org/jcb/article/...
#mitophagy #lipophagy #xenophagy
#mitophagy #lipophagy #xenophagy
I'm happy to share a review that our lab put together on innate immune responses to Rickettsia. One interesting tidbit - different Rickettsia species have distinct interactions with xenophagy, where some species co-opt ubiquitylation, while others avoid it!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Innate immune responses to Rickettsia: emerging themes and contrasts between species
Over 10 species of Rickettsia cause serious human disease across the globe, including deadly spotted fever and typhus. These arthropod-borne microbes …
www.sciencedirect.com
April 16, 2026 at 8:54 PM
I'm happy to share a review that our lab put together on innate immune responses to Rickettsia. One interesting tidbit - different Rickettsia species have distinct interactions with xenophagy, where some species co-opt ubiquitylation, while others avoid it!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
TRIM21 induces selective #autophagy of viruses & bacteria.
TRIM21 drives antibody‑directed #xenophagy , rapidly ubiquitinating pathogens & routing diverse viral & bacterial cargo to lysosomes.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... #innateimmunity #immunity #MicroSky #ImmunoSky
TRIM21 drives antibody‑directed #xenophagy , rapidly ubiquitinating pathogens & routing diverse viral & bacterial cargo to lysosomes.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... #innateimmunity #immunity #MicroSky #ImmunoSky
June 7, 2026 at 7:31 AM
TRIM21 induces selective #autophagy of viruses & bacteria.
TRIM21 drives antibody‑directed #xenophagy , rapidly ubiquitinating pathogens & routing diverse viral & bacterial cargo to lysosomes.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... #innateimmunity #immunity #MicroSky #ImmunoSky
TRIM21 drives antibody‑directed #xenophagy , rapidly ubiquitinating pathogens & routing diverse viral & bacterial cargo to lysosomes.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... #innateimmunity #immunity #MicroSky #ImmunoSky
The E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1 targets a bacterial pore-forming toxin to facilitate xenophagy
The E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1 targets a bacterial pore-forming toxin to facilitate xenophagy
Wu et al. reveal that the host E3 ligase SIAH1 recognizes and ubiquitinates streptolysin O (SLO), a pore-forming toxin from group A Streptococcus. This ubiquitination targets the bacteria for xenophagy through LAP-like and canonical autophagy, highlighting a host defense strategy in which bacterial virulence factors are targeted by autophagy.
dlvr.it
September 17, 2025 at 11:24 PM
The E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1 targets a bacterial pore-forming toxin to facilitate xenophagy
An apparent case of xenophagy: This leaf mine on dogbane—a plant that normally has no leafminers—was made by a Phyllocnistis species, almost certainly P. populiella, which normally mines in aspen leaves. Normally when an egg is laid on the wrong kind of leaf, the larva dies in an early instar...
Genus Phyllocnistis
Phyllocnistis from Arnes Airstrip (YNR), Arnes, MB R0C 0C0, Canada on July 15, 2025 at 07:41 PM by Séraphin Poudrier
www.inaturalist.org
July 17, 2025 at 11:15 AM
An apparent case of xenophagy: This leaf mine on dogbane—a plant that normally has no leafminers—was made by a Phyllocnistis species, almost certainly P. populiella, which normally mines in aspen leaves. Normally when an egg is laid on the wrong kind of leaf, the larva dies in an early instar...
Some leaf mine bits and pieces from Cheltenham today.
Caloptilia honoratella mines in Sycamore (first mine record for VC33); Lyonetia clerkella mine in Robinia pseudoacacia (probable xenophagy, larva dead) and Bucculatrix bechsteinella in pear (an unusual foodplant in Glos).
Caloptilia honoratella mines in Sycamore (first mine record for VC33); Lyonetia clerkella mine in Robinia pseudoacacia (probable xenophagy, larva dead) and Bucculatrix bechsteinella in pear (an unusual foodplant in Glos).
October 13, 2025 at 6:19 PM
Some leaf mine bits and pieces from Cheltenham today.
Caloptilia honoratella mines in Sycamore (first mine record for VC33); Lyonetia clerkella mine in Robinia pseudoacacia (probable xenophagy, larva dead) and Bucculatrix bechsteinella in pear (an unusual foodplant in Glos).
Caloptilia honoratella mines in Sycamore (first mine record for VC33); Lyonetia clerkella mine in Robinia pseudoacacia (probable xenophagy, larva dead) and Bucculatrix bechsteinella in pear (an unusual foodplant in Glos).
Rab GTPases as "eat me" signals for selective #autophagy. Yan Zhao discusses new work from Qiming Sun and colleagues (rupress.org/jcb/article/...), which shows how Rab GTPases serve as cues for cargo receptor recruitment, mediating #mitophagy, #lipophagy, and #xenophagy. rupress.org/jcb/article/...
April 17, 2025 at 2:19 PM
Rab GTPases as "eat me" signals for selective #autophagy. Yan Zhao discusses new work from Qiming Sun and colleagues (rupress.org/jcb/article/...), which shows how Rab GTPases serve as cues for cargo receptor recruitment, mediating #mitophagy, #lipophagy, and #xenophagy. rupress.org/jcb/article/...
Leo James’ group, in the LMB’s PNAC Division, have characterised the defensive pathway TRIM21 uses to degrade a diverse range of pathogens, naming the mechanism antibody-directed xenophagy (ADX).
Read more about ADX & its potential for new therapies here: mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/...
#LMBResearch
Read more about ADX & its potential for new therapies here: mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/...
#LMBResearch
June 4, 2026 at 3:18 PM
Leo James’ group, in the LMB’s PNAC Division, have characterised the defensive pathway TRIM21 uses to degrade a diverse range of pathogens, naming the mechanism antibody-directed xenophagy (ADX).
Read more about ADX & its potential for new therapies here: mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/...
#LMBResearch
Read more about ADX & its potential for new therapies here: mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/...
#LMBResearch
Complex diagrams. See alt for explanations!
September 11, 2026 at 6:44 PM
Complex diagrams. See alt for explanations!
TRIM21 induces selective autophagy of viruses and bacteria
TRIM21 induces selective autophagy of viruses and bacteria
Rhinesmith et al. describe an intracellular antimicrobial mechanism called “antibody-directed xenophagy” (ADX). In ADX, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 prevents infection by intercepting antibody-coated viruses/bacteria in the cytosol and orchestrating their destruction via selective autophagy. The authors hypothesize that ADX may be co-opted for targeted protein degradation.
dlvr.it
June 21, 2026 at 3:19 PM
TRIM21 induces selective autophagy of viruses and bacteria
The final version of our story on autophagy and time-lapse imaging is out: doi.org/10.1371/jour...
(Corrected one expected on the 14th). This questioned a bit the direct role of xenophagy to digest Mtb, but show that is appearance may be useful to track phagosomal integrity in time-lapse imaging 👇
(Corrected one expected on the 14th). This questioned a bit the direct role of xenophagy to digest Mtb, but show that is appearance may be useful to track phagosomal integrity in time-lapse imaging 👇
Dynamic interplay of autophagy and membrane repair during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Author summary Autophagy is a cellular process that allows cells to digest internal materials and may help in the defense against pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the c...
doi.org
January 8, 2025 at 1:57 PM
The final version of our story on autophagy and time-lapse imaging is out: doi.org/10.1371/jour...
(Corrected one expected on the 14th). This questioned a bit the direct role of xenophagy to digest Mtb, but show that is appearance may be useful to track phagosomal integrity in time-lapse imaging 👇
(Corrected one expected on the 14th). This questioned a bit the direct role of xenophagy to digest Mtb, but show that is appearance may be useful to track phagosomal integrity in time-lapse imaging 👇
Online Now: TRIM21 induces selective autophagy of viruses and bacteria Online now:
TRIM21 induces selective autophagy of viruses and bacteria
Rhinesmith et al. describe an intracellular antimicrobial mechanism called “antibody-directed xenophagy” (ADX). In ADX, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 prevents infection by intercepting antibody-coated viruses/bacteria in the cytosol and orchestrating their destruction via selective autophagy. The authors hypothesize that ADX may be co-opted for targeted protein degradation.
dlvr.it
June 4, 2026 at 3:19 PM
Online Now: TRIM21 induces selective autophagy of viruses and bacteria Online now:
Medium-medium well.
That way the brutes know it’s premeditated xenophagy.
That way the brutes know it’s premeditated xenophagy.
How does your muse like their steak?
Slicing a Rare Steak
ALT: Slicing a Rare Steak
static.klipy.com
May 21, 2026 at 5:59 PM
Medium-medium well.
That way the brutes know it’s premeditated xenophagy.
That way the brutes know it’s premeditated xenophagy.
Interesting new RNF213 story from Mary Dickinson and Jörn Coers @coerslab.bsky.social showing xenophagy-independent role for RNF213 in cell autonomous immune defense: antimicrobial lysis of inclusions and host cell death after release.
RNF213-dependent lytic destruction of Chlamydia-containing vacuoles activates host cell death pathways | PNAS
The cytokine gamma-interferon promotes antimicrobial cell-autonomous immunity by inducing
hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Among the...
www.pnas.org
August 29, 2026 at 5:03 PM
Interesting new RNF213 story from Mary Dickinson and Jörn Coers @coerslab.bsky.social showing xenophagy-independent role for RNF213 in cell autonomous immune defense: antimicrobial lysis of inclusions and host cell death after release.
Leveraging intratumoral probiotics in PDAC
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4 T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4 T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
www.cell.com
April 9, 2026 at 11:16 AM
Leveraging intratumoral probiotics in PDAC
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4 T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
B. longum colonizes pancreatic tumors. Rapamycin-induced xenophagy enables B. longum to drive probiotic neoantigen presentation & CD4 T cell-mediated tumor killing, thereby enhancing immune checkpoint blockade
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
A paper using RRID:AB_1125541 from @bioxcell.bsky.social was just published in Cell Host & Microbe. RRIDs improve reproducibility in scientific research. #methodsmatter #ReproducibleResearch #BetterScience
Leveraging intratumoral probiotics for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy via xenophagy
Read the full paper: Leveraging intratumoral probiotics for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy via xenophagy
doi.org
March 11, 2026 at 7:00 AM
A paper using RRID:AB_1125541 from @bioxcell.bsky.social was just published in Cell Host & Microbe. RRIDs improve reproducibility in scientific research. #methodsmatter #ReproducibleResearch #BetterScience
RRID:AB_3073508 from @proteintech.bsky.social was used by authors in their Cell Reports paper. Thanks for making your methods matter! #reproducibility #OpenResearch #ReproducibleResearch
Prohibitin 2 links damaged mitochondria to intracellular bacteria to trigger xenophagy independent of mitophagy
Read the full paper: Prohibitin 2 links damaged mitochondria to intracellular bacteria to trigger xenophagy independent of mitophagy
doi.org
May 30, 2026 at 7:00 AM
RRID:AB_3073508 from @proteintech.bsky.social was used by authors in their Cell Reports paper. Thanks for making your methods matter! #reproducibility #OpenResearch #ReproducibleResearch
🥙 Researchers from the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology have shown that cells can consume germs that cross the cell membrane.
🧭 The study details a method of germ resistance they’ve coined ‘antibody-directed xenophagy’ (ADX).
🧭 The study details a method of germ resistance they’ve coined ‘antibody-directed xenophagy’ (ADX).
How cells fight infection from the inside
Scientists have described for the first time how cells can digest bacteria and viruses from within.
www.ukri.org
July 27, 2026 at 4:30 PM
🥙 Researchers from the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology have shown that cells can consume germs that cross the cell membrane.
🧭 The study details a method of germ resistance they’ve coined ‘antibody-directed xenophagy’ (ADX).
🧭 The study details a method of germ resistance they’ve coined ‘antibody-directed xenophagy’ (ADX).
#MedSky🧪#IDSky #ImmunoSky Great insights into targeting autophagy mechanisms! Understanding these evasion tactics is pivotal for devising novel strategies to combat viral infections.
rupress.org/jcb/article-...
rupress.org/jcb/article-...
Vaccinia virus subverts xenophagy through phosphorylation and nuclear targeting of p62
Autophagy is a cellular degradation program that counts xenophagy, the engulfment and destruction of cytosolic pathogens, among its many functions. Here, K
rupress.org
May 6, 2024 at 5:14 PM
#MedSky🧪#IDSky #ImmunoSky Great insights into targeting autophagy mechanisms! Understanding these evasion tactics is pivotal for devising novel strategies to combat viral infections.
rupress.org/jcb/article-...
rupress.org/jcb/article-...
@proteintech.bsky.social's resource, RRID:AB_10643374, was just reported to be used in the paper. We value the author's support of reproducibility. #accelerateopenscience #OpenScience #reproducibility
The E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1 targets a bacterial pore-forming toxin to facilitate xenophagy
doi.org
September 12, 2025 at 7:00 AM
@proteintech.bsky.social's resource, RRID:AB_10643374, was just reported to be used in the paper. We value the author's support of reproducibility. #accelerateopenscience #OpenScience #reproducibility