Abstract. The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is one of the most widely used animal models in biomedical research, both as it resembles humans in key biolo

An international working group led by the German Society for Infectious Diseases (DGI) has developed a guideline for personalized phage therapy. Twenty professional organizations, 18 international…

Abstract. Mitochondrial function depends on tight coordination between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, which requires long-term coevolution to maintain

Abstract. Although strict maternal transmission of mitochondria is a general feature of animals for ensuring homogeneity in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) acros

Abstract. The vast majority of plants form mycorrhizal symbioses. The ecological importance of these mutualistic interactions has sparked interest in their

Abstract. Transcriptional adaptation (TA) is a regulatory process in which loss or disruption of gene function caused by protein-truncating variants (PTVs)

Cost and infrastructure requirements limit access to current rapid molecular diagnostic testing for tuberculosis (TB). Recent developments in novel, swab-based assays that can be used closer to the point of care offer the potential to change the TB diagnostic landscape.MethodsWe assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 2 tests, Molbio Truenat MTB Ultima (MTB Ultima) and Pluslife MiniDock MTB Test (MiniDock MTB), among consecutively enrolled individuals aged 15 years and older, against the reference standard of culture and comparators of microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. Two tongue swabs, either self-collected or healthcare worker collected, and 2 sputum specimens were requested from each participant; MiniDock MTB was tested the same day and MTB Ultima was tested after storage.ResultsFrom February to June 2025, 1097 participants were enrolled in communities (382) and at health facilities (715). Sensitivities of sputum and tongue swabs on MiniDock MTB among 132 people with culture-positive TB were 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79–91) and 76% (95% CI, 68–82), respectively, and 67% (95% CI, 51–79) and 44% (29–59) among those with smear-negative TB. Sensitivities of sputum and tongue swabs on MTB Ultima were 84% (97/116; 95% CI, 76–89) and 74% (67/91; 95% CI, 64–82), respectively, and 58% (95% CI, 41–74) and 33% (95% CI, 18–53) among those with smear-negative TB.ConclusionsIn this population, the performance of both MiniDock MTB and MTB Ultima on tongue and sputum swabs was similar to target product profile thresholds for near point-of-care TB tests. Further studies to evaluate performance in diverse populations and settings are needed.

Abstract. Standard probabilistic models of coding sequence evolution effectively identify where and when selection acts but remain agnostic to the mechanis

This is a retraction of: Shabnam Mohammadi, Halil İbrahim Özdemir, Pemra Ozbek, Fidan Sumbul, Josefin Stiller, Yuan Deng, Andrew J Crawford, Hannah M Rowla

Abstract. Synonymous mutations do not alter proteins but undergo natural selection in many species. For Drosophila melanogaster, reports on selection stren

Abstract. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a key step in phylogenetic analysis and is prone to error. Unfortunately, algorithms that remove likely alig