#SPINA-GD
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drjwdietrich.bsky.social
#Thyroid dysfunction may cause sudden death. However, thyroid hormones respond to #stress as well. A recent autopsy study found #SPINA-GD or Jostel's TSH index increased in all cases, highlighting the importance of type 2 #allostatic_load.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41997212/
doi.org/10.1055/a-28...
Table: Thyroid and cardiovascular pathology and interpretation in cases of sudden death with thyrotoxicosis Supplementary table: Thyroid homeostasis indices (SPINA-GT, SPINA-GD and Jostel's TSH index) and thyroid hormone therapy in seven autopsy cases of sudden death in thyrotoxicosis
August 6, 2026 at 7:02 AM
spinateam.bsky.social
Calculating #SPINA-GT, #thyroid​'s secretory capacity, and #SPINA-GD, total #deiodinase activity, is evolving towards a standard method of research in #thyroidology, as shown by more than 100 citations of one of our defining papers. 🧪🩺

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27375554/
doi.org/10.3389/fend...
(A, B) Reliability of SPINA-derived parameters is higher than that of measured hormone concentrations. Shown are results of Monte Carlo evaluation of SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD based on simulated imprecise hormone assays. Hormone concentrations were modeled in SimThyr 4.0 with different pre-defined values for GT and GD, respectively. Subsequently, absolute hormone levels were converted to measurements by means of an S script that injected additive and multiplicative noise in order to get vendor-reported concentration-dependent coefficients of variation (CV). The lines show the mean SD of hormone concentrations predicted by structure parameters calculated from simulated noisy measurements. CVs as markers for measurement reliability of SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD are below 10% in all cases, although CVs of corresponding hormone assays exceed 20% in low concentrations. (C) SPINA-GT is sensitive for thyroid disorders of primary origin and specific with respect to secondary dysfunction. The plots show the distribution of hormone concentrations in certain primary and secondary thyroid conditions compared to normal percentiles of SPINA-GT. The green crossing rectangles define univariate reference ranges for TSH and FT4, respectively. The purple lines represent FT4 concentrations at the 2 and 97% percentiles of SPINA-GT. (D) SPINA-GD is an estimate for deiodination. Shown is the correlation between SPINA-GD and conversion rate in slow tissue pools.
December 22, 2024 at 11:58 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
6 months after #COVID-19, #SPINA-GD correlates negatively to the severity of fatigue in patients affected by Long COVID (PASC).

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39247915/
doi.org/10.3389/fend...
Table showing the results of correlation analysis of features associated with fatigue scores in Long COVID. Both FT3/FT4 ratio and SPINA-GD significantly correlate to the FS-14 score.
January 12, 2025 at 4:27 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
The method of structure parameter inference approach, i.e. #SPINA-Thyr and #SPINA_Carb, has predictive power in the setting of #P4_medicine. In a large population sample, four SPINA parameters, #SPINA-GT, #SPINA-GD, #SPINA-GBeta and #SPINA-DI, predicted all-cause mortality.

doi.org/10.53201/LEI...
In an unselected population sample (NHANES 2009/2010), persons with low thyroid's secretory capacity (SPINA-GT) and total step-up deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD) face significantly worse survival over 10 years. In an unselected population sample (NHANES 2009/2010), persons with low beta-cell function (SPINA-GBeta) and static disposition index (SPINA-DI) are faced with significantly shorter survival over 10 years.
December 28, 2024 at 6:54 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
#SPINA_GT, #SPINA_GD and Jostel's TSH index (#JTI or #TSHI) are predictors of survival in patients with #Takotsubo syndrome (#stress #cardiomyopathy), as recently demonstrated in the international GEIST registry. 🩺

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38502972/
doi.org/10.1016/j.eb...
Table: Markers of thyroid function in the study population: FT3 and SPINA-GD are significantly decreased in non-survivors, whereas SPINA-GT is increased in fatal cases of Takotsubo syndrome. Kaplan–Meier survival curves based on cutoff values derived from phi statistics. Low TSH, FT3, SPINA-GD and JTI as well as high FT4 and SPINA-GT predict shorter survival in Takotsubo syndrome.
March 24, 2024 at 5:48 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
In an adjusted model, #SPINA-GD correlates significantly with type 2 allostatic load. It parallels the association to central markers of thyroid homeostasis, underscoring the TSH-T3 feedforward control.

#thyroid #allostasis

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41941533/
doi.org/10.1080/1025...
Table of the paper: Unadjusted and adjusted correlation models for the association between allostatic load and calculated biomarkers of thyroid homeostasis. The allostatic load correlates with Jostel's TSH index (TSHI), TTSI, TFQI and SPINA-GD. Table of the paper: In adjusted models, SPINA-GD is higher in quartiles 2 to 4 of allostatic load than in the baseline quartile 1.
April 7, 2026 at 10:37 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
#SPINA_Thyr predicts the prognosis of #Takotsubo syndrome. Among all predictors, #SPINA-GD showed the most significant difference.

🧪 🩺 #MedSky @medsky.social #Endocrinology
January 25, 2026 at 7:56 PM
drjwdietrich.bsky.social
#Thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in #thermoregulation and the attunement to hot and cold #climate​s. Recent research found global patterns of variants in the UCP1 and UCP3 genes and #SPINA-GD (step-up #deiodinase activity), suggesting integrated adaptation.

🧪 🩺 #MedSky

doi.org/10.3390/biol...
Figure 1. Effect of the rs3811787 of UCP1 gene in human adaptation to cold: (a) The levels of FT3 as a function of rs3811787 genotypes of the UCP1 gene; (b) Association analysis of the TT rs3811787 genotype between SPINA-GD; (c) Association analysis of the TT rs3811787 genotype between BSA; (d) The geographical distribution of the frequencies of the T rs3811787 (UCP1) allele in global human populations to identify signals of natural selection for cold climate adaptation. Figure 2. Effect of the rs1800849 of UCP3 gene on human adaptation to cold: (a) The levels of FT3 as a function of rs1800849 genotypes of the UCP3 gene; (b) Association analysis of TT rs1800849 genotype between SPINA-GD; (c) Association analysis of TT rs1800849 genotype between BSA; (d) The geographical distribution of frequencies of the T rs1800849 (UCP3) allele in global human populations to identify signals of natural selection for cold climate adaptation. Figure 3. The mechanism of BAT-mediated regulation of thyroid hormones and basal metabolic rate from the allelic variants rs3811787 of the UCP1 gene. Note. In the carriers of the T allele, with the active form of the UCP1 protein, brown adipocytes mitochondria use higher concentrations of T3 for increased heat generation during adaptive thermogenesis, which increases T3 clearance and in response increases peripheral deiodination (SPINA-GD), which raises blood levels of FT3 and basal metabolic rate. In carriers of the C allele, with a less active form of the protein, brown adipocytes will use less T3, which will not significantly increase SPINA-GD and blood levels of FT3, hence the metabolic rate will not significantly improve.
April 26, 2025 at 7:18 AM
spinateam.bsky.social
🧪 #SPINA_Thyr may be useful for monitoring of #endocrine disruptors. #SPINA_GD correlates to paraben excretion, and #SPINA-GT is modified due to exposure to butylparaben. doi.org/10.1007/s113... pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38038926/
Pearson correlation between paraben and thyroid hormones and IGF-1 Adjusted regression coefficient and 95% CI for change in serum thyroid and growth hormones in relation to unit-increased in Ln-parabens (ng/mL) in Taiwanese minors (N = 75) Regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for a change in Jostel’s TSHI, sTSHI, SPINA-GD and SPINA-GT associated with quartiles of four urinary parabens concentrations in minors.
December 2, 2023 at 4:32 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
Again, a study shows that #environment​al #toxicant​s, i.e. endocrine #disruptor​s, strongly affect #thyroid #homeostasis. For calculated biomarkers, i.e. #SPINA-GT and #SPINA-GD, this effect is more pronounced than for #TSH.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39826653/

doi.org/10.1016/j.en...
Association between urinary chemicals and thyroid hormones, GD, and GT in the total population (Groups 1 and 2 combined): results from Quantile Gcomputation modeling. Age, BMI, urinary creatinine, education level, and group were adjusted. ‘Total’ includes MnBP, MBzP, ΣDEHPm, BPA, MeP, EtP, and PrP. ‘Phthalate metabolites’ include MnBP, MBzP, and ΣDEHPm. ‘Parabens’ include MeP, EtP, and PrP. *p < 0.05; #p < 0.1. Phthalate metabolites measured in both groups included mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP), mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and MBzP. For parabens, methylparaben (MeP), EtP, and propylparaben (PrP) were measured.
March 2, 2025 at 10:12 PM
drjwdietrich.bsky.social
PFAS sind endokrine Disruptoren, die eine starke Wirkung auf die #Schilddrüse​nfunktion und insbesondere die Aktivierung von Schilddrüsenhormonen haben. Sie können auf diese Weise das kardiovaskuläre Risiko erhöhen und die Entwicklung von Kindern beeinflussen.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39556482/
Abbildung: Komplexer nichtlinearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Exposition gegenüber verschiedenen PFAS und der globalen Dejodinasenaktivität (SPINA-GD).
March 31, 2025 at 5:43 AM
spinateam.bsky.social
Endocrine disruptors have a strong effect on the peripheral #thyroid hormone metabolism. A recent study showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between #PFAS and step-up deiodinase activity (#SPINA_GD).
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39556482/
doi.org/10.1210/clin...
Dose-response relationship between PFAS and thyroid homeostasis parameters (FT3/FT4 and SPINA-GD). (A) Dose-response relationship between PFAS and FT3/FT4; (B) Dose-response relationship between PFAS and SPINA-GD. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income to poverty ratio, marital status, hypertension, diabetes, total calories, smoking, BMI group, urinary iodine status, and antibody positivity (TgAb positivity or TPOAb positivity).
November 26, 2024 at 9:17 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
In women with latent (i. e., euthyroid) autoimmune #thyroiditis, both #SPINA-GT and #SPINA-GD rise in #pregnancy, provided the supply of #selenium and vitamin D is sufficient. This observation may reflect physiological type 2 #allostatic reactions or reduced autoimmunity.

doi.org/10.3390/nu18...
Table from the paper: Thyroid antibodies, hormones, and calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis in mothers of female infants included in the study (the intent-to-treat analysis). SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD rise in parallel to declining thyroid autoantibodies.
June 13, 2026 at 2:47 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
Again, a study showed a strong influence of endocrine disruptors on #thyroid homeostasis. Exposure to butylparaben significantly reduces #SPINA-GD, whereas ethylparaben slightly increases #SPINA_GT in pregnancy.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39889471/

doi.org/10.1016/j.ec...
Figure (Forest plot): Changes in the levels of thyroid hormone indicators in relation to a 1 ng/mL increase in paraben exposure across trimesters. Data are presented in terms of adjusted regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval values. Exposure to butylparaben significantly reduces #SPINA-GD, whereas ethylparaben slightly increases #SPINA_GT in pregnancy, depending on the trimenon. Forest plot: Results of generalized estimating equation–based analyses of the associations between thyroid hormones and urinary parabens in pregnant women (N = 207). The effect on SPINA-GD is different from and stronger than that on T3/T4 ratio.
February 2, 2025 at 4:53 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
This circuit has strong implications for survival. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38502972/ 🩺
Definition of three clusters from free T4 and TSH concentration. Shown are data points from individual persons in the two-dimensional FT4-TSH space, marked with colours according to the cluster, and silhouette plots. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for TSH, FT4, FT3, SPINA-GT, SPINA-GD and Jostel's TSH index (JTI) based on cutoff values derived from phi statistics. They show that all parameters are strong predictors of survival, with SPINA-GT and JTI having the highest discriminatory power. Mosaic plot showing the association of clusters with total fatality and Kaplan-Meier survival curve with the time-course of survival.
May 11, 2024 at 8:51 AM
drjwdietrich.bsky.social
For the diagnosis and management of #hypothyroidism, measuring #TSH (thyrotropin) concentration is necessary, but it isn’t sufficient. Additional #biomarkers help to improve diagnostic power and to identify #endotypes of dysregulation.

doi.org/10.1007/978-...

🧪 🩺 #MedSky
Sketch of pituitary-thyroid feedback control (HPT axis) maintaining thyroid homeostasis. This figure provides an overview of biomarkers for TR-alpha (Heart rate, ECG QT interval, JT interval, Tp-e interval and ostase concentration, painted in cyan) and TR-beta (concentrations of ceruloplasmin, copper, SHBG, CK, lipids, painted in orange) signalling and of functional biomarkers (SPINA-GT, SPINA-GD, Jostel’s TSH index, TTSI, TFQI, rounded boxes). Positive and negative biomarkers for thyroid hormone action in tissues. Positive biomarkers for TR-alpha signalling include bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ostase) and heart rate, negative biomarkers for TR-alpha signalling comprise QT interval, JT interval and TP-e interval in the ECG. Positive biomarkers for TR-beta signalling are 3-methylhistidine, coeruloplasmin, copper and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), negative biomarkers for TR-beta signalling include lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] and triglycerides) and creatine kinase (CK).
July 19, 2025 at 3:58 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
Growing evidence supports a role of sensorimotor and autonomic #neuropathy in #syndrome_T or #SORSHOT, i.e. reduced quality of life in treated #hypothyroidism. #SPINA_GT and #SPINA_GD predict nerve function and depression.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38811750/

doi.org/10.1038/s415...
Scatterplots showing a significant correlation of functional parameters of thyroid homeostasis (SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD) with the mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS) of QST (A), respiratory arrhythmia in HRV analysis (B) and depression percentiles in HADS (C).
February 8, 2025 at 10:18 AM
medruff.eurosky.social
genau ausrechnen lassen (SPINA-GT und SPINA-GD, TSH-Index nach Jostel, sTSHI und TTSI). So kann man die Dejodierungsleistung und die Sekretionsleistung u.a. herausfinden.
July 24, 2024 at 6:56 PM
spinateam.bsky.social
The #kynurenine pathway is a series of chemical reactions that produce NAD+ and other mediators with immunomodulatory function. A recent study shows that this pathway is altered in autoimmune #thyroiditis. Several metabolites correlate with #SPINA_GD. 🧪 🩺 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38514790/
The association between the maximum global activity of peripheral deiodinases (SPINA-GD) in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis and kynurenine pathway metabolites, (a) kynurenic acid (KYNA), (b) anthranilic acid (AA), (c) quinolinic acid (QA), (d) 3-HAA/AA ratio, (e) 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKYN), (f) the results of multiple regression analysis with SPINA-GD as a dependent variable. The proposed mechanism links alteration in the kynurenine pathway with disturbances in thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). During AIT, the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism is activated and alteration in this pathway occurs. The formation of AA from KYN is enhanced at the expense of KYNA generation, and at the same time there is a significant reduction in the transformation of AA into 3-HAA. The imbalance between AA and KYNA, reflected by an increase in AA/KYNA ratio and between AA and 3-HAA, resulted in AA accumulation and a slight increase in QA levels. As a consequence of this process, the activity of peripheral deiodinases (SPINA-GD) rose proportionally to AA elevation, which translated into a greater amount of biologically active form of thyroid hormone—FT3.
March 23, 2024 at 7:09 PM
drjwdietrich.bsky.social
#Takotsubo syndrome is a dangerous stress-related #heart disease. Since #T3 upregulates β-receptors, we assumed a link to #thyroid homeostasis. With machine learning, we identified interesting allostatic patterns.

www.livivo.de/doc/M33179374
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33179374/
doi.org/10.1111/joim...
Figure: Bivariate null isokline plot of first measured FT4 and TSH serum concentrations per subject in relation to percentiles of subsystem responses of thyroid homeostasis. Shown are three different point clouds, representing three clusters: Normal controls (green dots in the center), critically-ill patients with acute coronary syndroms (black dots in the lower zone of TSH concentration) and patientes with Takotsubo syndrome (red dots in two cloucs with low and high TSH concentration). Distribution (mean ± SEM) of measured and derived parameters in TTS during the first seven days of treatment. The shaded rectangles mark the reference ranges for the respective parameters. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, *****P < 1e–5 compared to reference range with binomial test; P values are adjusted with the Benjamini–Hochberg method. SPINA-GT is elevated, and SPINA-GD is reduced during the first three days of Takotsubo syndrome. TTSI is elevated on day 3, representing a high set point of thyroid homeostasis as a consequence of type 2 allostatic load. Abnormal thyroid function in Takotsubo syndrome is marked by two distinct phenotypes: an endocrine type representing primary hyperthyroidism and a stress type with an elevated set point of thyroid homeostasis. The results suggest a stress-dependent adaptive endocrine response or type 2 thyroid allostasis.
December 24, 2025 at 9:36 AM
spinateam.bsky.social
Total step-up #deiodinase activity (#SPINA_GD) is upregulated in metabolic syndrome, as demonstrated by a strong correlation to the triglyceride-glucose index. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37946276/ doi.org/10.1186/s400... 🧪
The association between TyG index and thyroid parameters shows a strong correlation to SPINA-GD. Correlation between triglyceride-glucose index and parameters of thyroid homeostasis.
November 11, 2023 at 3:07 PM
alice-inwonderland.bsky.social
GoDaddy sobie modyfikował domenę bez mojej wiedzy i zgody - na przykład 5 czerwca, co za zbieg okoliczności 😆

Dzięki NASK sama zmodyfikowałam swoją domenę 18 czerwca i GoDaddy nie ma już nad nią żadnej kontroli i nic nie może zrobić 😁.

Jak się spina moim psychofanom rejestr DNS, że bronią GD?
June 23, 2026 at 12:09 AM